In our virus disease series, we will present information on viral diseases that cat owners should be aware of, as well as their treatments and coping methods.

Our first topic is feline panleukopenia.

【Feline Panleukopenia】
Also known as: Feline Parvovirus Infection, Feline Viral Enteritis, Feline Distemper

Caused by the Feline Parvovirus (FPV), this infection has a very high mortality rate, with reports suggesting that the mortality rate in young kittens is as high as 75-90%.

Especially in unvaccinated cats without immunity, the infection rate is said to be nearly 100%.

＜Symptoms＞
Gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea and vomiting
Fever
Loss of appetite
Drooling

In kittens younger than 5 months, it is not uncommon for death to occur within 12 hours of onset.

When a pregnant cat is infected, the virus can pass through the placenta to the fetus, causing miscarriage or stillbirth. Cats that are infected around the time of birth may develop brain abnormalities.

＜Transmission Routes＞
The virus is transmitted through the vomit and feces of infected cats. In the early stages of infection, it can also be present in saliva, urine, and nasal discharge, so if there are other cats in the household, there is a high possibility of transmission through shared items such as grooming tools, dishes, and litter boxes.

Parvovirus is extremely infectious and can remain viable in the environment for about a month, making it easy for the virus to spread to other cats from contaminated objects.

Additionally, it can be transmitted by fleas, so flea control is also crucial.

＜Diagnosis＞
Diagnosis is made by detecting viral antigens in feces or by PCR testing using feces or whole blood. Additionally, as the name “panleukopenia” suggests, blood tests reveal a significant decrease in white blood cells, particularly neutrophils.

＜Treatment＞
There is no specific treatment for parvovirus, and supportive care is used to alleviate current symptoms, with the aim of helping the cat’s body overcome the virus through its own strength and immune response.

Supportive care primarily involves fluid therapy to correct dehydration. The fluids also contain vitamins and minerals, providing some nutritional support.

If the diarrhea or vomiting is severe, appetite stimulants may be administered, or a feeding tube may be inserted for nutritional supplementation.

Antibiotics may also be given to prevent infections and sepsis caused by intestinal bacteria due to the reduced white blood cell count.

＜Cautions＞
As mentioned before, parvovirus is extremely infectious and cannot be killed by soap or alcohol. Therefore, dispose of any blankets or toys contaminated with vomit or diarrhea.

For non-disposable items (such as floors, walls, or carriers), dilute sodium hypochlorite (bleach) by 10 to 50 times, spray, and wipe them down.

For infected cat dishes, soak them in sodium hypochlorite or use disposable dishes that can be thrown away after each use.

When caring for an infected cat, the virus can adhere to the owner’s hands and clothes and spread to other cats. It is recommended to wear disposable clothing or protective gear and gloves.

If you suspect your cat has symptoms of parvovirus, please contact your veterinary clinic by phone before visiting to prevent the spread of infection within the clinic.

＜Prevention＞
The feline panleukopenia virus is included in the trivalent cat vaccine, making it a preventable infectious disease through vaccination.

Typically, maternal antibodies received from the mother weaken to a level where active immune response becomes possible by 8 to 12 weeks of age. However, kittens with low maternal antibodies may become susceptible to infections earlier than this period.

The World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) recommends core vaccinations for kittens (parvo, herpes, calici) to begin at 6 to 8 weeks of age, with subsequent vaccinations every 2 to 4 weeks until 16 weeks of age or later. Thus, kittens receiving their first vaccine at 6 weeks of age require four doses, while those starting at 8-9 weeks require three doses.

Regarding core vaccines, a booster at 26 weeks is recommended, followed by an interval of at least three years before the next core vaccine. However, the duration of antibody levels can vary depending on the type of vaccine and individual characteristics.

Therefore, it is advisable to measure antibody titers yearly, and if sufficient levels are present, vaccination for that year can be skipped; if levels are low, a booster should be administered.

For rescue cats with unknown medical histories, it is recommended to administer the first vaccine, follow with a second dose after 2 to 3 weeks, and confirm antibody titers for subsequent vaccinations.

Among the most commonly consulted issues at Cordy Lab are:

1. Kidney Failure
2. Tumors
3. Hyperthyroidism

Let’s address each of these topics one by one.

Kidney Failure

As cats advance in age, a significant number suffer from kidney failure. Reports indicate that about 30% of cats over the age of 15 in overseas countries have chronic kidney failure.

Cats originally hail from deserts.

They do not have a natural habit of drinking a lot of water, causing their urine to be concentrated. This is believed to lead to blockages in their kidneys.

Furthermore, a 2016 study suggested that a unique protein called “AIM” in cat kidneys may not function adequately, which could be a predisposition for chronic kidney disease.

To prevent kidney failure, ensure your cat remains well-hydrated. Increasing the number of water stations, or changing the containers and the water’s temperature can also affect their water intake. It is recommended to have a number of water stations equal to the number of cats times two, plus two.

This might seem a lot, but by placing water stations in multiple locations, your cat can discover favorite drinking spots, which can then be reduced in number. At a minimum, ensure there are at least two water stations per cat. Another method is to switch from dry to wet food.

Even with proper hydration, if circulation in the body is poor, it can merely result in “swelling.” Swelling can lead to cooling of those areas, which in turn hinders immune cells from functioning effectively. Gentle massages that the cat finds comfortable, or keeping the back warm (or at least not cold), can improve circulation, so please give it a try.

We have additional articles focused on feline kidney failure, so please refer to them as well:
◆Kidney Failure in Cats and Dogs
◆Kidney Disease in Cats

Tumors

This issue is not exclusive to cats. As animals age, their immune systems gradually weaken. Tumor cells are generated every day, even in healthy bodies, but they don’t manifest as “lumps” because the immune cells are functioning effectively.

However, as they age, immune cells become less effective, allowing tumor cells to proliferate and manifest as tumors.

To prevent tumors, maintaining a stable immune balance is essential, as is minimizing stress and avoiding harmful substances (such as additive-laden foods, fragrances from air fresheners, or softeners).

From an Eastern medical perspective, tumors are believed to form in areas where there is blockage in the body’s circulation. As previously mentioned in the section on preventing kidney failure, ensuring good circulation is very important. Consider incorporating warming techniques or massages.

Hyperthyroidism

This is a disease where the regulatory function of the thyroid gland, which secretes essential hormones for healthy living such as those involved in metabolism and body temperature regulation, breaks down, resulting in the excessive secretion of thyroid hormones. It is more common in senior cats, with males being more frequently affected than females. Due to hyperactivated metabolism, symptoms may include increased appetite but weight loss, frequent loud meowing, excessive drinking, and a warm body.

The causes are varied, including thyroid tumors, environmental factors, immunity, and genetics. The incidence also appears to be increasing, likely due to cats living longer.

While prevention of hyperthyroidism is challenging, it is considered that stabilizing the immune balance could at least prevent the occurrence of hyperthyroidism due to tumors.

For detailed information on hyperthyroidism, please refer to a separate article:
◆ [Cat Hyperthyroidism](https://cordy-en.com/cat-hyperthyroidism/)

For improving cats’ immune strength

Stabilizing immunity is essential for maintaining health.

With the immune system balanced by Cordy, senior cats can live healthy and peaceful lives.

At the Cordy Research Laboratory, we are also advancing research on the relationship between common diseases in senior cats and nutrition.

What is the Thyroid?

The thyroid is a small endocrine gland located beside the trachea. It produces thyroid hormones using iodine from food and releases these hormones into the bloodstream.

Thyroid hormones play vital roles, including:

• Promoting metabolism
• Regulating body temperature
• Activating the heart and digestive system
• Brain development and growth

These hormones are essential for maintaining a healthy life.

Thyroid hormone levels in the blood are regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) sent from the brain. When this regulatory mechanism fails, leading to excessive thyroid hormone activity, it causes various symptoms known as hyperthyroidism.

In cats, hyperthyroidism is one of the most common endocrine disorders, particularly in senior cats aged eight years and older.

Causes of Hyperthyroidism

1. Thyroid Tumors and Hyperplasia
Both benign and malignant conditions can cause hyperthyroidism by leading to excessive production of thyroid hormones. In cases of hyperplasia (an increase in the number or size of thyroid cells), more thyroid hormones are secreted than usual, resulting in hyperthyroidism symptoms.

Most cases involve benign tumors (thyroid adenomas) or hyperplasia, which are the primary causes of hyperthyroidism in cats. Generally, only one side of the thyroid swells, but both sides can swell in some cases.

2. Environmental Factors
Excessive intake of iodine and isoflavones from commercial cat food and exposure to environmental chemicals may contribute to thyroid hyperplasia.

3. Other Factors
Although not yet clearly identified, genetic predisposition, immune system factors, and increased longevity are thought to play roles.

Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism in cats include:

Among these, symptoms such as “losing weight despite eating,” “frequently vocalizing loudly,” and “hair loss” are often seen as age-related and may be easily overlooked by pet owners.

Additionally, there may be concurrent conditions such as arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, or kidney disease.

Diagnosis of Hyperthyroidism

Abnormalities in the thyroid can be detected through physical examination, including signs such as weight loss, hair loss, and palpation revealing an enlarged thyroid.

Even if there are abnormalities in the thyroid, routine blood tests (CBC) may not show abnormalities unless there are other concurrent conditions.

In biochemical tests, an increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP, ALKP) liver enzyme, AST, and BUN can be observed. Additionally, an increase in thyroid hormones (T4 or FT4) is also confirmed.

T4 (thyroxine) levels can be low due to various diseases, so diagnosing hyperthyroidism involves measuring FT4 (free thyroxine), which is less affected by other conditions, alongside T4.

Other diagnostic methods include X-ray and ultrasound examinations, where an enlarged heart can be observed.

Treatment of Hyperthyroidism

① Medication
Anti-thyroid drugs (e.g., methimazole, propylthiouracil) are used to suppress the synthesis of thyroid hormones and alleviate symptoms. Possible side effects include loss of appetite and vomiting, with severe side effects such as a decrease in granulocytes, a type of white blood cell, and a decrease in platelets, which are important for clotting. Treatment usually starts with a low dose, with regular blood tests and symptom monitoring to adjust the dosage.

② Surgical Operation
Surgery involves the removal of the thyroid gland. If both sides are removed, it will result in a complete lack of thyroid hormone production, necessitating lifelong supplementation with thyroid hormone (e.g., levothyroxine). However, since the thyroid is attached to small endocrine glands called parathyroid glands, which secrete parathyroid hormone to regulate blood calcium levels, there is a risk of damaging or removing these glands during surgery. In such cases, low blood calcium levels will be confirmed in blood tests, requiring concurrent treatment for hypoparathyroidism with hyperthyroidism.

③ Therapeutic Diet
A therapeutic diet restricting iodine is used to reduce the intake of raw materials for thyroid hormones. Hills’ y/d is one such diet.

Supporting Hyperthyroidism with Immune Power

We often receive consultations from owners of cats with hyperthyroidism. Many reports indicate a feeling of heat in the body, so we recommend Cordy without organic germanium.

If there is no sensation of heat in the body, it is safe to start with a small amount of Cordy containing organic germanium and adjust the dosage according to the condition.

Maintaining immune strength can help balance the body, and we have received reports that medication dosage could be reduced in some cases.

Support your cat’s health by managing their immune system.

Case Examples of Improvement

For Improving Cats’ Immune Systems

Our lab is conducting research to determine whether administering Cordy can help regulate immune system function and thyroid function in cats.

If you have any questions, please feel free to contact us.

監修獣医師：林美彩　　所属クリニック：chicoどうぶつ診療所

代替療法と西洋医学、両方の動物病院での勤務経験と多数のコルディの臨床経験をもつ。　モノリス在籍時には、一般的な動物医療（西洋医学）だけでは対応が困難な症例に対して多くの相談を受け、免疫の大切さを痛烈に実感する。
ペットたちの健康維持・改善のためには薬に頼った対処療法だけではなく、「普段の生活環境や食事を見直し、自宅でさまざまなケアを取り入れることで免疫力を維持し、病気にならない体づくりを目指していくことが大切である」という考えを提唱し普及活動に従事している。

所属：

• 獣医保健ソーシャルワーク協会

著書：

• 獣医師が考案した長生き犬ごはん 安心・簡単・作り置きOK!
• 獣医師が考案した長生き猫ごはん　安心・簡単・作り置きＯＫ！
• 獣医師が考案した一汁一菜長生き犬ごはん こだわりの安心レシピ&作り置きOK!

About Core Vaccines for Dogs

Core vaccines prevent viruses with high fatality rates. This page summarizes the pathological conditions caused by the viruses that core vaccines for dogs can prevent.

Canine Distemper Virus

Transmission Route

The virus is transmitted to other dogs through the eye discharge, nasal discharge, saliva, urine, feces of an infected dog, or objects contaminated with these secretions. It is said to spread more easily in the winter when the air is conducive to infection. The incubation period (the period from infection to the onset of symptoms) is from a few days to about two weeks.
It does not infect humans.

Symptoms

① Approximately 1 to 2 weeks after infection
After a fever above 40°C that lasts for several days, the temperature returns to normal for a while before rising again above 40°C (this is called biphasic fever). Symptoms such as loss of appetite, lethargy, gastrointestinal symptoms like vomiting and diarrhea, coughing, eye discharge, and conjunctivitis can also be observed. Blood tests show a significant decrease in white blood cells (below 3,000 to 5,000/ml). In young or weak dogs, the overall physical condition may deteriorate and lead to death.

② From 3 weeks after infection
After overcoming the period mentioned in ①, symptoms like drooling, making chewing motions, and sporadic skin spasms called tics can be observed. Respiratory symptoms such as coughing, bronchitis, and pneumonia are also common. Conjunctivitis and other issues can lead to visual impairment, which in turn can cause fear and confusion, sometimes resulting in abnormal walking patterns. Skin symptoms like erythema, vesicles, and pustules may also appear, but the most distinctive feature is the thickening of the paw pads known as hard pad. Ultimately, neurological symptoms such as seizures and paralysis appear, with a fatality rate of 90%.

Even after recovering from these symptoms, neurological issues might persist in some cases.

Treatment

No effective treatment exists. Controlling the virus and preventing secondary bacterial infections is crucial. Interferons are used to suppress the virus, while antibiotics are used to prevent secondary infections. Other treatments include medications to alleviate symptoms, such as antiemetics and antidiarrheals, and anticonvulsants. To improve the overall physical condition, fluid therapy and nutritional support are vital. Maintaining body strength and recovering immune function can help suppress the virus.

Canine Adenovirus (Canine Infectious Hepatitis)

Transmission Route

The virus can be transmitted to other dogs through the sneezing, nasal discharge, and saliva of infected dogs. Symptoms can vary from mild to severe. In adult dogs, it can sometimes result in asymptomatic infections (known as subclinical infections), but in unvaccinated puppies, it often leads to lethal conditions. For recovering dogs, the virus can remain in the kidneys, so their urine can contain the virus for months to years, requiring caution. The incubation period is from a few days to about 10 days.
It does not infect humans.

Symptoms

① Peracute form (sudden fatal form)
This is commonly seen in puppies.
Since the virus infects through the digestive tract mucosa, severe gastrointestinal symptoms such as acute abdominal pain, hematemesis, and bloody stools can be observed.
After a fever of over 40°C, the puppy falls into a state of weakness.
In many cases, the puppy dies within 12 to 24 hours after infection.

② Mild form
Symptoms include a fever of around 40°C, nasal discharge, coughing, loss of appetite, lethargy, and mild eye discharge.

③ Severe form
Following a fever of around 40°C, liver inflammation leading to impaired liver function can be observed.
Due to the decreased liver function, symptoms such as hepatic encephalopathy (neurological symptoms caused by an accumulation of ammonia that the liver should process), depression, coma, convulsions, bleeding tendencies due to impaired blood coagulation functions, jaundice, abdominal ascites, and abdominal distension due to liver enlargement may occur.
Other symptoms can include coughing, stomatitis, and conjunctivitis.
During the recovery phase, a condition where the cornea appears bluish and cloudy, called “blue eye” (often occurring unilaterally), may be observed.
Blue eye typically resolves in a few weeks, but in some cases, the cloudiness may persist, or it may occasionally progress to glaucoma or corneal ulcers.

④ Inapparent form
In adult dogs with normal immune function, the infection may be asymptomatic, a condition known as “inapparent infection.”

Treatment

There is no effective treatment, and the focus is on suppressing the virus and preventing secondary bacterial infections.
Interferon is used to suppress the virus, and antibiotics are used to prevent secondary bacterial infections.
To support liver function, fluid therapy and hepatoprotective agents are administered.
Maintaining physical strength through fluid therapy and nutritional supplementation to improve overall bodily conditions can help boost the immune system, allowing it to suppress the virus.

Canine Parvovirus Type 2

Transmission

The virus spreads to other dogs through the saliva, urine, and feces of an infected dog.
Infections can also occur through milk, so if the mother carries the virus, it can be transmitted to the puppies (vertical transmission).
In cases of transplacental infection, it may cause miscarriages or result in puppies with heart failure.
It does not infect humans.

Symptoms

① Enteritis form
This condition frequently occurs in puppies around 6 to 16 weeks old when maternal antibodies wane.
Gastrointestinal symptoms such as lethargy, loss of appetite, fever, soft stools or diarrhea (bloody stools), and vomiting can be observed.
When the virus destroys the intestinal mucosa and invades the body, the disease worsens, potentially leading to toxic shock or sepsis, and a high likelihood of death within 1 to 2 days after onset.

② Myocarditis form
This form occurs if infection takes place in utero or within the first week of life.
In puppies that have not consumed colostrum and therefore lack maternal antibodies, sudden respiratory distress, dehydration, and non-suppurative myocarditis (myocarditis not caused by bacterial infection) are observed between 3 to 8 weeks old, which can be fatal in the worst cases.

Treatment

There is no effective treatment, and the focus is on suppressing the virus and preventing secondary bacterial infections.
Interferon is used to suppress the virus, and antibiotics are used to prevent secondary bacterial infections.
To maintain physical strength and improve the overall condition of the body, fluid therapy and nutritional supplementation are important. Bolstering the immune system can increase the chances of suppressing the virus, so it’s advisable to actively incorporate immune-boosting measures.

Rabies

Transmission Routes

Since it is present in the saliva of infected dogs, transmission occurs through the bites of infected dogs. The incubation period is typically around 2 to 6 weeks, but it can vary depending on the location of the bite, the resistance of the bitten animal, and the amount of virus present.
It can infect all mammals, including humans.

Symptoms

① Furious Form
This form is characterized by excessive excitement and aggression (aligning with the disease’s name as “mad dog”), and the animal may exhibit pica (consuming non-food items such as stones or feces). This state usually persists for 2 to 4 days, after which neurological symptoms like seizures and ataxia (paralysis) appear, leading to death within 1 to 2 days.
It is said that 80-85% of rabies cases manifest in the furious form.

② Paralytic Form (Dumb Form)
This rare form does not show aggressiveness. Paralysis occurs in the muscles above the neck, making eating and drinking difficult, which leads to dehydration and emaciation. Once the paralysis spreads throughout the body, it results in unconsciousness and coma, leading to death within a week.

Treatment

There is no treatment, and euthanasia is performed if the disease is confirmed. Even if the disease hasn’t manifested, suspected cases are quarantined for observation (up to 180 days). Additionally, in Japan, it is mandatory for animals involved in bite incidents to be quarantined for two weeks post-capture to confirm rabies infection status.

Rabies vaccination is mandated once a year under the Rabies Prevention Act, but as of the end of fiscal 2015, the nationwide vaccination rate stands at 71.8%, which is not a particularly high figure. Furthermore, this rate only accounts for registered dogs, so it is easy to imagine the rate would be even lower if unregistered dogs were included.

Japan is one of the few rabies-free countries in the world, but it wouldn’t be surprising if the virus entered the country at any time.

There have been no cases of rabies in domestic animals in Japan since 1957. However, in July 2013, it was confirmed that a ferret badger in Taiwan was infected with the rabies virus.

Moreover, in November 2006, two Japanese men who had traveled to the Philippines contracted rabies after returning to Japan and subsequently died. In Hokkaido, which has considerable trade with rabies-endemic Russia, there have been confirmed instances of dogs illegally disembarked from Russian ships (although it is unclear if these dogs were rabid).

The only way to prevent the spread of rabies if it enters Japan is through vaccination.
Of course, the fundamental principle of vaccination is “vaccinating healthy individuals,” but it is dangerous to forgo vaccination based on your own judgment.

Please have your personal veterinarian assess whether rabies vaccination is possible.

As such, there are no established treatments for viral diseases, and the main approach consists of administering antibiotics to maintain strength and prevent secondary infections.

To avoid viral infections, vaccination is important, but the most crucial factor is strengthening resistance = immunity.

Strengthening Immunity and Living Calmly

After vaccination, the immune system can become destabilized, so please ensure to thoroughly support your pet’s immune system.

At Cordy Laboratory, research is ongoing to determine whether Cordy can help regulate dogs’ immunity and contribute to improving their health conditions.

If you have any questions, please don’t hesitate to contact us.

監修獣医師：林美彩　　所属クリニック：chicoどうぶつ診療所

代替療法と西洋医学、両方の動物病院での勤務経験と多数のコルディの臨床経験をもつ。　モノリス在籍時には、一般的な動物医療（西洋医学）だけでは対応が困難な症例に対して多くの相談を受け、免疫の大切さを痛烈に実感する。
ペットたちの健康維持・改善のためには薬に頼った対処療法だけではなく、「普段の生活環境や食事を見直し、自宅でさまざまなケアを取り入れることで免疫力を維持し、病気にならない体づくりを目指していくことが大切である」という考えを提唱し普及活動に従事している。

所属：

• 獣医保健ソーシャルワーク協会

著書：

• 獣医師が考案した長生き犬ごはん 安心・簡単・作り置きOK!
• 獣医師が考案した長生き猫ごはん　安心・簡単・作り置きＯＫ！
• 獣医師が考案した一汁一菜長生き犬ごはん こだわりの安心レシピ&作り置きOK!

Recommended Reading

• Overcoming Dog Cancer – Symptoms, Examinations, Surgeries, Treatments, Diet, and Tips for Improvement and Cure

]]> https://cordy-en.com/cat-kidney-iow-protein/ Tue, 08 Jan 2019 08:20:27 +0000 https://cordy-en.com/?p=1517 Many cats experience a decline in kidney function, and in such cases, many pet owners may have been recommended a low-protein diet by their veterinarians. However, does feeding a low-protein diet really prevent the decline in kidney function just because the kidney function is poor? We have summarized the reasons and evidence for recommending an appropriate amount of protein, so please refer to it.

Cats are inherently prone to decreased kidney function. In fact, many cats are diagnosed with kidney disease, and the number increases with age.

監修獣医師：林美彩　　所属クリニック：chicoどうぶつ診療所

代替療法と西洋医学、両方の動物病院での勤務経験と多数のコルディの臨床経験をもつ。　モノリス在籍時には、一般的な動物医療（西洋医学）だけでは対応が困難な症例に対して多くの相談を受け、免疫の大切さを痛烈に実感する。
ペットたちの健康維持・改善のためには薬に頼った対処療法だけではなく、「普段の生活環境や食事を見直し、自宅でさまざまなケアを取り入れることで免疫力を維持し、病気にならない体づくりを目指していくことが大切である」という考えを提唱し普及活動に従事している。

所属：

• 獣医保健ソーシャルワーク協会

著書：

• 獣医師が考案した長生き犬ごはん 安心・簡単・作り置きOK!
• 獣医師が考案した長生き猫ごはん　安心・簡単・作り置きＯＫ！
• 獣医師が考案した一汁一菜長生き犬ごはん こだわりの安心レシピ&作り置きOK!

Does a low-protein diet prolong life when kidney function declines?

In fact, there is no clear data that a low-protein diet prevents the decline of kidney function in humans or animals. The idea that it is unnecessary to restrict protein so strictly even with kidney disease has recently gained attention.

Cats need to consume more protein than humans or dogs to maintain their health. Prolonged restriction of protein and continued high-calorie diets rich in carbohydrates and fats may actually shorten the lifespan of cats with kidney disease.

This is particularly true when making homemade diets that drastically reduce protein. Please be cautious.

※ We are not recommending excessive protein intake.

Why protein is necessary

Protein is an essential component that makes up muscles and organs. Furthermore, a certain amount of protein in the body is broken down and excreted daily, so each cat has a minimum daily intake requirement.

Cats with a prolonged inadequate intake of protein will undoubtedly lose muscle mass. Even if they don’t lose weight, they have probably accumulated fat due to the decrease in muscle mass. Maintaining calories primarily with carbohydrates (sugars) and fats will increase body fat. An increased fat percentage raises the incidence of various lifestyle diseases. Naturally, life expectancy will also shorten.

The necessity of protein cannot be considered solely based on caloric nutrition. While calories can be supplemented with carbohydrates and fats, they cannot replace the vital roles of proteins in composing muscles, organs, and enzymes.

It’s not just about kidney disease in cats; in any treatment, make sure to gather information thoroughly and make comprehensive decisions without entrusting everything to others.

Our laboratory is conducting research on whether supplementing amino acids, including BCAAs, can prevent protein deficiency in cats with kidney disease.

If you have any questions, please contact us.

監修獣医師：林美彩　　所属クリニック：chicoどうぶつ診療所

代替療法と西洋医学、両方の動物病院での勤務経験と多数のコルディの臨床経験をもつ。　モノリス在籍時には、一般的な動物医療（西洋医学）だけでは対応が困難な症例に対して多くの相談を受け、免疫の大切さを痛烈に実感する。
ペットたちの健康維持・改善のためには薬に頼った対処療法だけではなく、「普段の生活環境や食事を見直し、自宅でさまざまなケアを取り入れることで免疫力を維持し、病気にならない体づくりを目指していくことが大切である」という考えを提唱し普及活動に従事している。

所属：

• 獣医保健ソーシャルワーク協会

著書：

• 獣医師が考案した長生き犬ごはん 安心・簡単・作り置きOK!
• 獣医師が考案した長生き猫ごはん　安心・簡単・作り置きＯＫ！
• 獣医師が考案した一汁一菜長生き犬ごはん こだわりの安心レシピ&作り置きOK!

We have compiled information about the causes and types of kidney failure in dogs and cats, symptoms of kidney failure, and improvement methods.

Particularly in cats, a significant number suffer from kidney failure. However, even if they develop kidney failure, studies are being conducted on how to improve kidney function stability and improvement by boosting immunity with Cordyceps and providing necessary nutrients.

Improving Kidney Failure and Kidney Disease

Especially in elderly cats, it is common to observe decreased kidney function or complete kidney failure.

Damaged kidneys cannot be restored.

Therefore, to prevent the progression of kidney failure symptoms, it is crucial to maintain the remaining kidney function and reduce the burden on the kidneys.

Intravenous or subcutaneous fluids are administered to promote the excretion of toxins, aiming for symptom relief and kidney function improvement.

For pre-renal or post-renal issues, treating the underlying cause of these conditions is essential.

To slow the progression of kidney failure, it is important to care for the kidneys and maintain strength and kidney function while receiving treatment at an animal hospital.

Recommended home care methods are as follows:

If your pet’s energy and appetite improve, it means that your efforts are yielding results.

For any questions regarding Cordyceps, EPA/DHA, BCAA (amino acids), or green tripe (ruminant stomach), please feel free to contact us.

Contact Us Here

Kidney Failure and Kidney Disease in Dogs and Cats

This disease can occur in both dogs and cats, but it is more common in cats. According to some overseas reports, 30% of cats over the age of 15 suffer from chronic kidney failure.

One theory suggests that the reason kidney failure is more common in cats is due to their lower water intake, which requires the kidneys to work harder to concentrate urine. As they age, this can lead to kidney disease.

Moreover, a study conducted in 2016 indicated that a special protein called “AIM” does not function adequately in cat kidneys, potentially contributing to chronic kidney disease.

In humans, dogs, and cats, the kidneys function like a coffee filter. They filter and remove waste and salts from the body while reabsorbing necessary substances, thus managing bodily fluids. When the kidneys fail to function properly, toxins accumulate in the body, leading to various symptoms.

Failure to excrete waste and toxins efficiently can result in conditions such as ‘uremia‘ and ‘hyperkalemia‘.

The kidneys, like the liver, are often referred to as “silent organs,” and by the time blood tests show abnormal values, it is believed that more than 70% of kidney function has already been lost.

Whether in humans, dogs, or cats, once kidneys stop functioning (or become damaged), they cannot recover. Therefore, minimizing damage to the remaining healthy kidney cells is crucial for managing kidney failure effectively.

While kidney failure is a difficult disease to manage, dietary therapy and treatment can help reduce the burden on the kidneys, allowing pets to live out their lives more comfortably.

Types of Kidney Failure

Kidney failure is classified into three types based on where the impairment occurs.

The kidneys have many blood vessels entering them, and prerenal kidney failure refers to kidney failure caused by a dysfunction in the vascular system before it reaches the kidneys, resulting in a change in the amount of blood flow to the kidneys (reduced blood flow). Causes of prerenal kidney failure include dehydration, anemia, heart failure, endocrine disorders, and heartworm disease.

② Renal
This refers to kidney failure caused by problems occurring within the kidneys themselves. Causes include parasites, infections, trauma, tumors, and drug toxicity. Congenital abnormalities (abnormalities present at birth) are also included in this category.

③ Postrenal
This refers to kidney failure caused by abnormalities in the urinary tract system exiting the kidneys. Causes include urolithiasis (urinary stones/bladder stones), bladder tumors, and urinary obstructions.

Kidney failure can also be classified into two types based on the course of the disease: acute and chronic.

Symptoms of Kidney Failure

In acute cases, loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, and lethargy can be observed.

Some pets may show signs of pain in the kidneys by crying out, while others may become increasingly aggressive.

In chronic cases, due to the slow progression, noticeable symptoms may not always be present. However, increased water intake and increased urination are commonly observed.

Other symptoms can include distinctive bad breath (smelling of ammonia), anemia (due to decreased production of erythropoietin caused by kidney issues), and constipation due to dehydration.

As kidney failure progresses and leads to uremia, neurological symptoms such as seizures and coma can occur.

Diagnosis

A blood test will show elevated levels of BUN (blood urea nitrogen), creatinine (Cre), and phosphorus (IP), as well as potentially low levels of red blood cells (erythrocytes). (Other abnormal values may also be observed).

Urine tests, evaluating the specific gravity of the urine, UPC (urine protein/creatinine ratio), and UAC (urine albumin/creatinine ratio), are used for diagnosing kidney failure.

Kidney failure is classified using the ‘IRIS classification,’ which helps gauge the remaining kidney function based on the stage of the disease.

Moreover, since 2015, there has been a new test method from Idexx called ‘SDMA’ that can detect chronic kidney disease at an early stage. It is recommended to conduct this test alongside others.
In addition, X-rays, ultrasounds, contrast methods, and blood pressure measurements may also be used.

Treatment Methods

In cases of prerenal or postrenal conditions, it’s important to treat the underlying diseases causing these conditions. In cases of acute kidney failure, rapid deterioration can be fatal, so urgent treatment is necessary.

If treatment is delayed, or if the kidneys suffer significant damage, the condition may progress to chronic kidney disease.

In cases of chronic kidney disease, beyond intravenous drips, dietary adjustments, oral medications, and injectable drugs may be used to slow the progression of kidney function decline and alleviate symptom progression.

Pitfalls of Renal Prescription Diets

If the kidney values are higher than the reference range, a switch to a prescription diet is generally suggested.

The content of a prescription diet aims to reduce the burden on the kidneys—meaning it consists of foods with fewer waste products, resulting in low protein content.

However, considering that dogs and cats are originally carnivorous animals (with cats being obligate carnivores), overly restricting their protein intake can lead to energy deficiencies. Even if kidney levels improve, many pets appear to lack physical and mental vitality.

In reality, it’s not clearly proven that limiting protein intake can prevent the progression of kidney disease in cats.

Water Intake

Switch from dry food to wet food, or consider homemade meals with plenty of broth.

Appropriate Protein Levels

Each animal’s ability to process protein varies, so try a slightly lower protein diet than what you currently use.
Regular blood tests can help you monitor changes in kidney levels and find the appropriate protein amount for your pet.

High-Quality Protein

Amino acid scores close to 100 indicate high-quality proteins that produce fewer waste products when broken down, thus reducing the burden on the kidneys. However, foods with high amino acid scores (meat, fish, eggs) are also high in protein, so start with small amounts.

For pets with declining kidney function, giving them essential amino acids like BCAAs can help improve symptoms. Additionally, the stomach of ruminants, known as green tripe, is also recommended.

Increasing Fat Content

Reducing protein intake can lead to a deficit in overall energy (calories). If this energy deficit persists, the body’s own protein (such as muscle) will be utilized, resulting in the production of excess waste products.

To prevent this, you need to supplement energy through carbohydrates and fats. However, both dogs and cats aren’t particularly good at breaking down carbohydrates. Especially in the case of cats, many are intolerant to grains, and they are more efficient at metabolizing fats than carbohydrates.

Among the various types of fats, omega-3 fatty acids are recommended to help reduce inflammation, which can occur in kidney failure. Omega-3 fatty acids can be found in plant-based oils like flaxseed oil and perilla oil, and in animal-based sources like EPA and DHA.

Although plant-based omega-3 fatty acids can be converted into animal-based omega-3 fatty acids in the body and exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties, some dogs and cats do not effectively utilize these conversion enzymes. To ensure the desired effect, it’s best to provide krill oil (containing EPA/DHA from Antarctic krill) directly.

※Excessive fat intake can strain the pancreas and potentially cause pancreatitis, so start with small amounts.

Furthermore, our research lab is investigating whether the immune-modulating functions of Cordyceps can support kidney function.

Prevention Methods

Unlike us, getting dogs and cats to drink water proactively can be challenging. Moreover, given that cats’ ancestors lived in deserts, cats tend to have lower water intake compared to dogs.

Additionally, many pets are currently fed dry food, resulting in almost zero water intake from their meals.

Moreover, increasing the amount of water intake is pointless unless it’s properly excreted through urination to eliminate waste products.

Some dry foods are high in salt to enhance the palatability for dogs and cats. Inferior quality foods tend to contain more salt and are often rich in additives like flavorings.

Avoiding high-salt products can reduce the burden on the kidneys, so it is also recommended to limit treats such as jerky, dried bonito flakes, and dried sardines.

When using commercial food, make sure to carefully check the ingredients and nutritional information before purchasing. For early detection, it is also advisable to perform regular blood and urine tests once your pet reaches the senior stage.

In the case of cats, if the litter box is dirty, they may avoid using it. Holding in urine can stress the kidneys, so keeping the litter box clean is crucial.

Many cats tend to develop kidney failure after the age of 6, so please closely monitor any changes in their daily water and urine output.

Decreased immunity can also affect the kidneys. The immune system is an essential factor in maintaining overall health balance, and reduced immunity can lead to kidney failure and other diseases.

For a healthy and peaceful life, daily care is essential. Cordy can help maintain health by restoring the body’s immune regulation capability.

For pets with tumors or other conditions, it may help alleviate side effects from active treatments and maintain their quality of life in cases deemed untreatable.

There have also been cases where the blood flow-enhancing effects of organic germanium have shown improvements in kidney values.

If you have any questions, please contact us.

]]> https://cordy-en.com/cancer-kidney-disease/ Tue, 08 Jan 2019 07:32:53 +0000 https://cordy-en.com/?p=1508

Concurrent Tumor (Cancer) and Renal Failure

We occasionally receive consultations from those whose dogs or cats are suffering from both tumors (cancer) and renal failure (kidney disease). Here, we have compiled some measures (ideas) for your reference.

監修獣医師：林美彩　　所属クリニック：chicoどうぶつ診療所

代替療法と西洋医学、両方の動物病院での勤務経験と多数のコルディの臨床経験をもつ。　モノリス在籍時には、一般的な動物医療（西洋医学）だけでは対応が困難な症例に対して多くの相談を受け、免疫の大切さを痛烈に実感する。
ペットたちの健康維持・改善のためには薬に頼った対処療法だけではなく、「普段の生活環境や食事を見直し、自宅でさまざまなケアを取り入れることで免疫力を維持し、病気にならない体づくりを目指していくことが大切である」という考えを提唱し普及活動に従事している。

所属：

• 獣医保健ソーシャルワーク協会

著書：

• 獣医師が考案した長生き犬ごはん 安心・簡単・作り置きOK!
• 獣医師が考案した長生き猫ごはん　安心・簡単・作り置きＯＫ！
• 獣医師が考案した一汁一菜長生き犬ごはん こだわりの安心レシピ&作り置きOK!

“`html

“`
As a result, muscle atrophy may occur, leading to difficulty in walking, and a decline in metabolism can make it harder for immune cells to function properly. Therefore, our company recommends a “moderate-protein diet” rather than a “low-protein diet.” The tolerance to protein in pets with renal failure varies from individual to individual. Gradually increase the protein intake and find the appropriate amount of protein for your pet through regular blood tests.

Additionally, by consuming protein in the form of amino acids, which are broken down in the body, rather than protein per se, we can reduce the burden on the kidneys. We recommend using amino acid supplements such as BCAAs or having amino acid infusions administered at veterinary hospitals.

Furthermore, to control kidney inflammation, we recommend using krill oil, which can provide EPA and DHA. For more information on meals for pets with renal failure, please refer to the following article.

What kinds of diseases can affect a dog’s liver? Here, we have summarized the main diseases of the liver in dogs, excluding tumors (liver cancer), along with their causes, symptoms, and treatments. Even if a dog develops liver disease, there is ongoing research to determine if liver function can be improved using placental extract derived from domestically produced SPF pigs or Cordy, which is expected to have immune-modulating functions.

Canine Infectious Hepatitis (Canine Adenovirus Type 1 Infection) – Liver Disease and Cirrhosis in Dogs

Unvaccinated puppies can experience fatal symptoms, including sudden collapse (extreme weakness or sudden severe consciousness impairment) and sudden death. In adult dogs, it often passes without symptoms.

Symptoms of canine infectious hepatitis include fever lasting for several days due to liver inflammation, nasal discharge, coughing, and loss of appetite.

In severe cases, liver dysfunction and liver failure progress due to the fever.

During the recovery period, a characteristic of canine infectious hepatitis known as “blue eye,” where the cornea becomes bluish-white and cloudy, can persist for several weeks.

This cloudiness can sometimes recover, but it may also remain.

Treatment of Canine Infectious Hepatitis – Liver Disease in Dogs

There is no effective treatment for canine infectious hepatitis.

Non-specific antiviral agents like interferon may be used to suppress the virus, and intravenous fluids containing proteins and vitamins may be administered to support liver function.

Antibiotics may also be given to prevent secondary bacterial infections.

As a dietary therapy, we highly recommend incorporating food that supports liver function.

Prevention of Canine Infectious Hepatitis – Canine Liver Disease

Vaccination is effective.
The “Canine Adenovirus Type 1” that causes canine infectious hepatitis is included in all combination vaccines ranging from 3 to 11 types.

Acute Hepatitis in Dogs – Canine Liver Disease and Cirrhosis

Acute hepatitis in dogs refers to a state where there is acute inflammation in the liver.

Acute hepatitis can be caused by bacterial infections or as a result of suppuration when an injury becomes infected.

Regardless of the cause, gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea and vomiting can be observed.
Jaundice, ascites, and progression to chronic hepatitis may occur, and in the worst cases, it can lead to coma.

Treatment of Acute Hepatitis in Dogs – Canine Liver Disease

When a dog develops acute hepatitis, symptoms are alleviated through fluid therapy and antibiotic administration.

Additionally, it is recommended to maintain a stress-free environment while providing nutritional support and dietary therapy.

Prevention of Acute Hepatitis in Dogs – Canine Liver Disease

Periodic check-ups, avoiding the intake of harmful substances, and vaccination (to prevent adenovirus) are recommended.

However, by the time symptoms such as jaundice or ascites are observed, liver damage may have already progressed considerably. Therefore, it is advisable to seek early medical evaluation if symptoms like vomiting or diarrhea appear.

Chronic Hepatitis and Cirrhosis in Dogs – Canine Liver Disease and Cirrhosis

When this condition (chronic hepatitis) progresses, fibrosis occurs as lung tissue becomes fibrous, leading to liver fibrosis.
When this state becomes prolonged and alters the overall structure of the liver, it results in cirrhosis.

Cirrhosis in dogs can cause disruptions in the hepatic blood flow dynamics, eventually leading to conditions such as ascites and hepatic encephalopathy.

Cirrhosis tends to be more common in specific breeds such as Doberman Pinschers, Cocker Spaniels, and Labrador Retrievers, and in the case of Bedlington Terriers, genetic copper accumulation has been noted.

Dogs with cirrhosis often exhibit no symptoms, but commonly experience reduced appetite, vomiting, and diarrhea. As the condition progresses, symptoms such as jaundice, fluid accumulation in the abdomen, and a tendency to bleed may appear.

Moreover, because liver function is impaired, the detoxification of toxins like ammonia is hindered, potentially leading to neurological symptoms such as hepatic encephalopathy.

Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis and Cirrhosis in Dogs – Canine Liver Disease

In cases of drug-induced chronic hepatitis, reducing or discontinuing the medication is necessary.

If there are strong side effects or if the desired effect is not achieved, combining immunosuppressants can help mitigate inflammation.

When liver function decline results in ascites, diuretics are used to promote water excretion.
Other dietary therapies (see here for ingredients that support liver function) are essentially protein-restricted diets aimed at reducing ammonia production.

However, dogs and cats require more protein than we do, so it is advisable to utilize forms of protein that can be absorbed as amino acids, such as (BCAA).

Additionally, the anti-inflammatory properties of domestic SPF pig-derived placenta extracts may help alleviate symptoms.

Prevention of Chronic Hepatitis and Cirrhosis in Dogs – Dog Liver Disease

It is essential to avoid excessive use of medications and the intake of harmful substances (such as additives) to prevent putting stress on the liver.

Portosystemic Shunts in Dogs – Dog Liver Disease and Cirrhosis

A shunt refers to an abnormal connection in which blood vessels that would normally connect the digestive tract, pancreas, and spleen to the liver (portal vein) are instead connected to the vena cava through a short-circuiting vessel.

Due to this abnormality, toxins like ammonia, which should be detoxified in the liver, bypass it and enter the vena cava, circulating throughout the body and causing toxic damage.

In some cases, the liver fails to grow adequately due to insufficient blood supply, resulting in impaired function and potential growth deficiencies in the body.

Shunts can be located either inside the liver (intrahepatic) or outside the liver (extrahepatic). Intrahepatic shunts are more common in large dogs and are difficult to surgically treat, whereas extrahepatic shunts are more common in cats and small dogs, and a surgical method involving the closure of the shunt vessels with special devices exists.

These shunts are often congenital (present at birth), leading to symptoms like developmental delays and neurological issues.

The age of onset is said to be from 4 weeks old, and in males, there is a higher probability of concurrent cryptorchidism (undescended testicles).

Additionally, as genetic factors are suspected, one preventive measure is to avoid breeding dogs that may carry the portosystemic shunt gene.

Acquired portosystemic shunt manifests due to increased blood pressure in the portal vein, resulting from liver disorders such as cirrhosis, fibrosis, or chronic hepatitis, and bile duct obstruction that congest blood flow entering the liver.

Even if typical symptoms do not present, abnormalities may be detected through hematuria caused by bladder stones (due to excessive ammonia in the blood), blood tests (liver values, ammonia levels, pre- and post-meal total bile acid values), and X-rays (showing a small liver).

Ultrasonography is an exceedingly effective diagnostic tool, while CT scans also provide an evaluation of the portal vein.

Treatment of Portosystemic Shunt in Dogs – Liver Disease in Dogs

As previously mentioned, surgery can be effective for extrahepatic shunts.

In terms of medical treatments, to prevent hepatic encephalopathy, diets with restricted proteins, antibiotics, and lactulose can be utilized to suppress ammonia production.

For acquired cases where surgery is not considered applicable, eliminating the cause of the increased portal pressure is crucial.

For dietary therapy that you may want to actively incorporate, please refer to these foods that support liver function.

Prevention of Portosystemic Shunt in Dogs – Liver Disease in Dogs

In congenital cases, avoiding breeding to prevent the propagation of portosystemic shunt genes can prevent further occurrence.

In acquired cases, it is necessary to avoid factors that increase portal pressure, such as excessive medication, intake of harmful substances, and unbalanced nutrition.

Moreover, for breeds prone to the condition, regular examinations for early detection are also important.

Gallbladder Sludge and Gallstones in Dogs – Liver Disease and Cirrhosis in Dogs

Gallbladder sludge and gallstones refer to the condition where bile-derived sludge or stones accumulate in the gallbladder, which stores bile.

This can result from endocrine abnormalities in dogs, bacterial infections causing cholecystitis, or diet, but cholecystitis may also develop from concurrent conditions such as enteritis, pancreatitis, or hepatitis, progressing to gallbladder sludge or gallstones.

In cases of cholecystitis in dogs, changes in bile composition can lead to crystallization of calcium, forming gallstones, or increased viscosity of bile, causing sludge and leading to gallbladder sludge.

Symptoms of cholecystitis, gallbladder sludge, and gallstones in dogs include decreased energy and appetite, vomiting, jaundice, changes in stool color (pale stools), and occasional abdominal pain, although there are often no symptoms in the early stages.

Thus, late detection is common, and in the worst cases, gallbladder rupture can result in peritoneal contamination and peritonitis.

Blood tests typically show abnormal liver enzymes and total bile acids, while X-rays and ultrasound imaging can detect gallstones and sludge.

Treatment of Gallbladder Sludge and Gallstones in Dogs – Liver Disease in Dogs

For asymptomatic or mild cases, medical treatments including antibiotics and choleretics (medications promoting bile secretion) are employed, with ongoing ultrasound monitoring.

If medical treatment is unresponsive or in severe cases, or if gallstones consist of calcium salts indicating limited efficacy of medical treatment, surgical intervention may be necessary.

Surgical methods may involve removal of gallstones or sludge from the gallbladder but generally involve complete gallbladder removal to prevent recurrence.

In dietary therapy, avoiding snacks and high-fat diets (low-fat diets) is recommended.

Please refer to these foods that support liver function.

Prevention of Gallbladder Sludge and Gallstones in Dogs – Liver Disease in Dogs

Regular check-ups for early detection and treatment, as well as appropriate diet and exercise from a young age, are essential.

Since gallbladder disease can often develop due to a weakened immune system, it is also important to reduce stress as much as possible.

Moreover, if there are endocrine abnormalities, the composition of bile can easily change, so treatment for endocrine disorders should be implemented.

Gallbladder Mucocele – Liver Diseases and Cirrhosis in Dogs

Gallbladder mucocele is a benign tumor where mucus accumulates in the gallbladder, causing it to enlarge. This disease is common in older dogs that are prone to hyperlipidemia, such as Miniature Schnauzers and Shetland Sheepdogs.

Bacterial infections or inflammation can change the environment inside the gallbladder, leading to excessive mucus production.

The accumulation of jelly-like bile due to mucus can cause cholecystitis, or block the bile ducts (common bile duct), resulting in jaundice, nausea, decreased energy and appetite, and liver failure.

In severe cases, the gallbladder wall can rupture, causing bile to leak into the abdominal cavity, leading to peritonitis. This may present with fever, abdominal pain, ascites, and overall collapse.

Blood tests often reveal elevated liver values, hyperlipidemia, increased total bile acid levels, and elevated inflammation markers, but an ultrasound examination is crucial for a definitive diagnosis. If kiwi fruit-like patterns or star-shaped patterns are seen on the ultrasound, a gallbladder mucocele is suspected.

It is not uncommon for there to be no clinical symptoms at all.

Treatment Methods for Gallbladder Mucocele – Liver Diseases in Dogs

In asymptomatic or mild cases, conservative treatment with antibiotics and choleretic agents (drugs promoting bile secretion) is pursued, with regular ultrasound examinations to monitor progress.

However, generally, for dogs exhibiting symptoms related to this disease, surgical removal of the gallbladder is recommended.

Postoperative dietary therapy and continuation of conservative treatment are crucial.

Preventative Measures for Gallbladder Mucocele – Liver Diseases in Dogs

Regular check-ups for early detection and treatment, as well as appropriate diet and exercise from a young age, are essential.

Since gallbladder disease can often develop due to a weakened immune system, it is also important to reduce stress as much as possible.

The liver is one of the most crucial organs in the body.

Reducing the burden on the liver can help maintain the health of dogs and cats.

Improving diet is beneficial both for treatment and prevention, and using placenta as a supplement is also recommended.

Consider incorporating foods that support liver function and using Placenta Kiss Powder derived from domestically produced SPF pigs to help promote the well-being of your dogs and cats.

Approaches to Liver Cancer, Liver Diseases, and Cirrhosis in Dogs

For those concerned about their dog’s liver or dogs already suffering from liver disease, administering Placenta Kiss Powder derived from domestically produced SPF pigs for one to two months may improve their condition.

As liver function improves, you can reduce the dosage of Placenta Kiss Powder derived from domestically produced SPF pigs, which will not only invigorate the liver but also improve skin condition and coat quality.

If you have any questions about Placenta Kiss Powder derived from domestically produced SPF pigs, BCAA, or krill oil (EPA/DHA oil extracted from Antarctic krill), please contact us.

監修獣医師：林美彩　　所属クリニック：chicoどうぶつ診療所

代替療法と西洋医学、両方の動物病院での勤務経験と多数のコルディの臨床経験をもつ。　モノリス在籍時には、一般的な動物医療（西洋医学）だけでは対応が困難な症例に対して多くの相談を受け、免疫の大切さを痛烈に実感する。
ペットたちの健康維持・改善のためには薬に頼った対処療法だけではなく、「普段の生活環境や食事を見直し、自宅でさまざまなケアを取り入れることで免疫力を維持し、病気にならない体づくりを目指していくことが大切である」という考えを提唱し普及活動に従事している。

所属：

• 獣医保健ソーシャルワーク協会

著書：

• 獣医師が考案した長生き犬ごはん 安心・簡単・作り置きOK!
• 獣医師が考案した長生き猫ごはん　安心・簡単・作り置きＯＫ！
• 獣医師が考案した一汁一菜長生き犬ごはん こだわりの安心レシピ&作り置きOK!

#### Main Liver Diseases in Cats (Excluding Tumors like Liver Cancer)
This section outlines the causes, symptoms, and treatments for the primary liver diseases in cats, apart from tumors such as liver cancer.

Research is ongoing to understand how treatments like placental extract and Cordyceps may improve liver conditions by boosting the immune system, even if a cat develops liver disease.

### Acute Hepatitis

Suppurative hepatitis is caused by the invasion of external bacteria.

Cholangiohepatitis, diabetes, Cushing’s syndrome (hyperadrenocorticism), and excessive steroid use can also lead to its development.

Granulomatous hepatitis can be due to feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), fungi forming granulomas, parasites, and, in rare cases, tumors or lymphangiectasia.

Both conditions can present with gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea and vomiting.

Jaundice, ascites, and progression to chronic hepatitis may occur, with the worst-case scenario leading to coma.

### Treatment Methods
The goal is to alleviate symptoms through fluid therapy and antibiotics.

Additionally, nutritional support and dietary therapy are provided, and the patient is kept stress-free and at rest.
### Dietary Therapy

For dietary therapy, please refer to [these ingredients that support liver function](https://cordy-en.com/maintain-liver-function/#syokuji).

Additionally, the anti-inflammatory effects of [placenta](https://cordy-en.com/dog-cat-placenta2/) can also be expected to alleviate symptoms.

### Prevention

Regular check-ups and avoiding the intake of harmful substances are recommended.

### Chronic Hepatitis, Liver Cirrhosis, and Liver Fibrosis

As chronic hepatitis progresses, the liver tissue becomes fibrotic, leading to liver fibrosis, and if this condition is prolonged, it results in liver cirrhosis where the overall structure of the liver changes.

In liver cirrhosis, because blood flow within the liver is hampered, it ultimately leads to conditions like ascites and hepatic encephalopathy.

While it often presents without symptoms, generally, there are symptoms such as appetite loss, vomiting, and diarrhea. As it progresses, jaundice, accumulation of ascitic fluid, and a tendency to bleed may be observed.

Moreover, impaired liver function can lead to the inability to detoxify substances like ammonia, resulting in neurological symptoms like hepatic encephalopathy.

### Treatment

If chronic hepatitis is due to medication, it is necessary to reduce or discontinue the medication.

If side effects are severe or the effects are insufficient, inflammation is controlled by combining immunosuppressants.

If ascites is present, the fluid can be removed by inserting a needle or by promoting fluid excretion with diuretics.

Additionally, as a dietary therapy, a protein-restricted diet is fundamental to reduce ammonia production.

There are two types of proteins: animal and plant-based. Plant-based proteins are easier on the liver compared to animal proteins, so it might be beneficial to include a slightly higher proportion of plant-based proteins.

However, dogs and cats require more protein than humans, so utilizing [BCAAs](https://cordy-en.com/bcaa/), which are protein breakdown products in the form of amino acids, is recommended.

Also, the [liver cell growth factor (HGF) contained in placenta](https://cordy-en.com/dog-cat-placenta2/) can aid in the decomposition and removal of fibrotic liver tissue.

Prevention

It is important to avoid excessive use of medications and intake of harmful substances (such as additives) to prevent putting strain on the liver.

Cholangitis and Cholangiohepatitis

Chronic inflammatory diseases are the most common biliary and liver diseases in cats, with the inflammation extending from the bile ducts to the surrounding liver cells, termed as cholangiohepatitis.

Cholangitis can be categorized into suppurative (caused by bacterial infections such as E. coli, β-hemolytic streptococci, Klebsiella, Actinomyces, and Clostridium) and non-suppurative (no bacterial infection).

Suppurative cholangitis results from the infection of intestinal bacteria from the extrahepatic bile ducts to the intrahepatic bile ducts.

Non-suppurative cholangitis, also known as lymphocytic cholangitis, is believed to be associated with autoimmune diseases.

Similar to hepatitis, there are often no significant symptoms in the early stages, and even if blood tests show elevated liver values, imaging tests usually do not reveal any changes.

As the disease progresses, symptoms such as decreased energy and appetite, digestive symptoms like vomiting and diarrhea, and jaundice may appear. Blood tests may show elevated total bile acid levels as well as decreased levels of albumin (Alb) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN).

For a definitive diagnosis, liver tissue samples are collected via laparoscopy and submitted for pathological examination.

Treatment

In cases of suppurative cholangitis, the primary treatment involves the use of antibiotics to address the bacterial infection.

However, indiscriminate use of antibiotics can lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, so it is recommended to select appropriate antibiotics based on bacterial culture of liver tissue.

For non-suppurative cholangitis, treating underlying conditions in other organs is prioritized, with the use of steroids to suppress inflammation.

Since steroids are also immunosuppressants, long-term use can lead to complications such as diabetes or bacterial infections. It is crucial to administer steroids while closely monitoring the patient’s condition through regular blood tests.

Additional treatments may include administration of antioxidants and liver protectants.

For cats with poor appetite, there is a risk of concurrent hepatic lipidosis, so placement of a feeding tube in the stomach or esophagus may be considered.

Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effects of placenta may help alleviate symptoms.

Prevention

Avoid excessive use of medications and intake of harmful substances (such as additives) to prevent putting strain on the liver.

Here are some foods that support liver function.

Extrahepatic Bile Duct Obstruction

This is a condition where the extrahepatic bile ducts become obstructed due to various reasons such as inflammation, tumors, or trauma of the organs (pancreas, duodenum, bile ducts). It is often a secondary condition caused by other underlying diseases, rather than occurring on its own.

It can be classified into extraluminal compression and intraluminal obstruction. Extraluminal compression refers to the condition where the bile ducts are compressed from the outside due to inflammation, tumors, or trauma, while intraluminal obstruction refers to the condition where gallstones or concentrated bile block the ducts.

Symptoms vary depending on the underlying disease, but generally, loss of appetite and jaundice are common.

Due to the inability to effectively excrete bile, it is also characteristic for stools to become pale (grayish-white).

Since bile is involved in the synthesis of proteins related to blood coagulation, bleeding tendencies may also be observed due to bile secretion deficiency.

Treatment Methods

Treatment of the underlying disease is prioritized.

In cases of partial obstruction, medication may improve the condition; however, if there is no improvement or in cases of complete obstruction, biliary bypass surgery or stent placement is performed to widen the duct and relieve the obstruction.

Additionally, since bile insufficiency can cause malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins, subcutaneous administration of vitamin K may also be carried out.

Please see here for dietary ingredients that can actively support liver function as part of dietary therapy.

Prevention Methods

To prevent underlying diseases, it is important to provide a proper diet, exercise, and a stress-free lifestyle on a daily basis.

Portosystemic Shunt (PSS)

A shunt is a “short-circuit,” where the blood vessel (portal vein) that normally connects the digestive tract, pancreas, and spleen to the liver is instead connected to the large veins via a short-circuit vessel.

The toxins, such as ammonia, which are meant to be detoxified in the liver, enter the systemic circulation without being detoxified due to the shunt vessel, causing toxin-related damage to the body.

Additionally, the inability to supply adequate blood to the liver results in underdevelopment of the liver and impaired function, leading to growth disorders in the body itself.

Shunt vessels can be located inside the liver (intrahepatic) or outside the liver (extrahepatic). In cats, extrahepatic shunts are more common, and there are surgical techniques to close the shunt vessel using special instruments.

Compared to dogs, the incidence of portosystemic shunts in cats is said to be lower.

Most cases are congenital (present from birth), causing poor development and neurological symptoms.

Cats with portosystemic shunts exhibit growth retardation when compared to their littermates, fail to gain weight, and show symptoms such as loss of appetite, lethargy, diarrhea, postprandial vomiting, and neurological symptoms (drooling, aimless wandering, seizures, convulsions). In severe cases, it can be fatal.

Since genetic factors are suggested, one of the preventive measures is to avoid breeding dogs that might carry the genes for portosystemic shunts.
### Acquired Portosystemic Shunt

An acquired portosystemic shunt appears when blood pressure in the portal vein increases due to liver dysfunctions such as cirrhosis, hepatic fibrosis, chronic hepatitis, or bile duct obstruction, causing blood congestion in the liver.

Even if typical symptoms do not appear, abnormalities can be detected through hematuria caused by bladder stones (due to the increased tendency for stones to form from excessive ammonia in the blood), blood tests (liver values, ammonia levels, pre-and postprandial total bile acid values), and radiographs (showing a small liver).

Ultrasound examination is highly effective, and CT scans can also evaluate the portal vein.

Treatment Methods

As mentioned earlier, surgery can be effective in cases of extrahepatic shunt.

In terms of medical therapy, to prevent hepatic encephalopathy, ammonia production is controlled through protein-restricted diets, antibiotics, and lactulose.

For acquired cases, surgery is generally considered inappropriate, making the removal of the cause of elevated portal pressure crucial.

Prevention Methods

For congenital cases, it is suggested to prevent breeding to avoid the proliferation of offspring with portosystemic shunt, due to its hereditary nature.

For acquired cases, to prevent causes of elevated portal pressure, it is necessary to avoid excessive medication, harmful substances, and unbalanced nutrition intake.

Additionally, in breeds prone to the condition, regular checkups for early detection are also important.

### Hepatic Lipidosis

Also known as fatty liver syndrome, it is a condition where excessive fat (triglycerides, neutral fats) accumulates in the liver cells.

The accumulation of fat in the liver leads to hepatomegaly.

Liver function declines, bile stasis occurs, leading to jaundice, and in severe cases, there can be mental disorientation, hepatic encephalopathy, and potential fatality.

Obesity is one predisposing factor, but it can also result from other diseases causing bile duct inflammation or appetite loss, and sometimes stress can trigger rapid liver damage.

When a cat stops eating due to illness or dietary changes, the body fat is rapidly transported to the liver because of the inability to intake calories, leading to swift progression of fat accumulation in the liver, causing hepatic lipidosis.

Blood tests show elevated liver values, triglycerides, and cholesterol, and if jaundice is present, total bile acid values will also be elevated.

If neurological symptoms such as mental disorientation or hepatic encephalopathy are observed, ammonia levels will also be high.

Radiographs may reveal hepatomegaly but cannot provide a definitive diagnosis. If echography shows a whitish liver, hepatic lipidosis is suspected.

For a definitive diagnosis, liver cells are extracted under echography to confirm fat accumulation and hepatomegaly via microscopic examination.

Treatment Methods

A high-nutrition diet containing quality proteins is the most effective treatment.

Forced feeding is often performed, but for severely ill cats or those who are sensitive to stress, forced feeding might further deplete their strength. In such cases, nutritional catheters are placed in the nose, neck, or stomach to administer liquid food.
### Translation

In cases of feline hepatic encephalopathy, excessive protein intake can exacerbate symptoms, so initially, a diet with controlled protein levels is provided.

Depending on the symptoms, intravenous fluids and antibiotics may also be used, and if there are other underlying conditions, treatments for those will be conducted simultaneously.

Additionally, for dietary therapy to support liver function, please refer to [these ingredients](https://cordy-en.com/maintain-liver-function/#syokuji).

### Preventive Measures

It’s necessary to manage your pet’s diet regularly to prevent obesity. Additionally, ensure appropriate exercise and avoid stress.

If unexplained loss of appetite persists, it’s important to have your pet checked as soon as possible.

## Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)

Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus (FIP virus) results from a mutation of the feline coronavirus in the intestines.

Presently, there is no cure, and it remains an incurable disease with only palliative treatments available.

It commonly develops in young or elderly cats, but any cat carrying the coronavirus is at risk of developing FIP.

It is estimated that half of the cats in Japan are asymptomatically infected with feline coronavirus (infected but showing no symptoms).

To prevent mutations, it is crucial to minimize stress and maintain the immune system.

Symptoms include fever, gastrointestinal issues such as loss of appetite and vomiting, dehydration, and anemia. As the condition progresses, liver dysfunction can occur, and accumulation of abdominal fluid or chest fluid can cause abdominal distension, which can compress the chest and lead to respiratory distress (wet form: effusive type).

In the dry form (non-effusive type), neurological symptoms such as paralysis, hyperesthesia, epileptic seizures, and personality changes, as well as eye issues like iritis and uveitis, can manifest. Vomiting, constipation, and jaundice related to organ impairment may also be observed.

### Treatment
As it is incurable, the focus is on symptomatic and palliative care to maintain quality of life (QOL).

Interferons and steroids may be used, and treatments to alleviate various symptoms (such as anti-nausea, anti-diarrhea, and pain relief medications) may also be administered.

For immune support, Cordy is recommended.

To support liver function, [placenta](https://cordy-en.com/dog-cat-placenta2/) is also considered effective.

For dietary therapy, please refer to [these ingredients](https://cordy-en.com/maintain-liver-function/#syokuji) which help support liver function.

### Preventive Measures
The primary prevention is to avoid stress.

For indoor cats, it is also important to maintain the hygiene of their living space, such as disinfecting their environment and keeping their litter boxes and dishes clean.
Please also visit the Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) page.

The liver is one of the most important organs in the body. By reducing the burden on the liver, you can also expect to maintain the health of your dog or cat.

Improving their diet is useful both as a treatment and as a prevention measure. As additional support, we recommend using placenta.

Incorporate foods that support liver function and use Placenta Kiss Powder derived from domestically-produced SPF pigs to aim for a healthy body for your dog or cat.

For more information on Placenta Kiss Powder derived from domestically-produced SPF pigs, click here.

Harness the power of immunity for cat liver cancer and liver disease

For those concerned about your cat’s liver or whose cat is already suffering from a liver disease.

There is a possibility of improvement by administering Placenta Kiss Powder derived from domestically-produced SPF pigs for 1 to 2 months to help recover vigor and appetite.

If liver function improves, you can continue using Placenta Kiss Powder derived from domestically-produced SPF pigs while gradually reducing the amount, which not only helps rejuvenate the liver but also improves skin condition and coat quality.

If you have any questions about Placenta Kiss Powder derived from domestically-produced SPF pigs, BCAA, or krill oil (EPA/DHA oil extracted from Antarctic krill), please feel free to contact us.

監修獣医師：林美彩　　所属クリニック：chicoどうぶつ診療所

代替療法と西洋医学、両方の動物病院での勤務経験と多数のコルディの臨床経験をもつ。　モノリス在籍時には、一般的な動物医療（西洋医学）だけでは対応が困難な症例に対して多くの相談を受け、免疫の大切さを痛烈に実感する。
ペットたちの健康維持・改善のためには薬に頼った対処療法だけではなく、「普段の生活環境や食事を見直し、自宅でさまざまなケアを取り入れることで免疫力を維持し、病気にならない体づくりを目指していくことが大切である」という考えを提唱し普及活動に従事している。

所属：

• 獣医保健ソーシャルワーク協会

著書：

• 獣医師が考案した長生き犬ごはん 安心・簡単・作り置きOK!
• 獣医師が考案した長生き猫ごはん　安心・簡単・作り置きＯＫ！
• 獣医師が考案した一汁一菜長生き犬ごはん こだわりの安心レシピ&作り置きOK!

Case Reports

• Usage Example of Placenta Extract Derived from Domestic SPF Pigs
• Recovery Case of a Dog with Poor Liver Values (Improvement in Cognition, Thyroid Function, Liver Function)
• Case of Improved Liver and Kidney Function in a Dog Using Placenta
• Six Cases of Improved Liver Function in Dogs and Cats Using Placenta
• Cases of Improved Atopy, Skin Disease, and Coat Condition in Dogs and Cats

Recommended Reading

• Liver Disease in Dogs and Cats: Methods to Improve Liver Function and Restore Liver Health
• Types and Efficacies of Placenta ~
• Liver Function Recovery with Placenta ~
• Improving Skin Diseases, Allergies, and Coat Condition in Dogs and Cats with Placenta

]]> https://cordy-en.com/maintain-liver-function/ Tue, 08 Jan 2019 06:00:16 +0000 https://cordy-en.com/?p=1475

The liver is often referred to as the “silent organ,” meaning that even if liver function deteriorates slightly, noticeable symptoms do not appear immediately.

However, if liver function worsens significantly, distinctive symptoms will emerge, so please observe your pet carefully.

If there are signs of impaired liver function, domestic SPF pig-derived placenta extract is recommended.

Additionally, using Cordy to enhance the immune system could potentially lead to rapid improvement in liver function, even if it has deteriorated. Our research is ongoing in this area.

Liver Function in Dogs, Cats, and Other Pets

The liver is the largest organ in the body and is responsible for various functions.

Among these, three functions are particularly important.

The liver is known as the “silent organ”, because dysfunction may not be reflected in blood test values, and symptoms may not be apparent.

Thus, if abnormal values are observed in tests or symptoms appear, it can be considered that the liver is significantly impaired.

This page will explain the functions of the liver.

Production and Secretion of Bile

Bile aids in the smooth absorption of ingested fats.

After being produced in the liver, bile is stored in the gallbladder and is released into the duodenum when needed.

Bile is composed of “bilirubin,” a yellow pigment produced from the breakdown of aged red blood cells, cholesterol, and bile acids derived from the breakdown of cholesterol.

After assisting in the digestion and absorption of fats, bile acids are reabsorbed in the small intestine and most of them are returned to the liver.

Metabolism of Nutrients

Various nutrients absorbed in the body are converted into different components and stored, and energy is produced by breaking down stored nutrients when needed.

Detoxification Function

The body detoxifies ingested drugs and harmful substances through oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, and conjugation.

This detoxification process is divided into phase I reactions (oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis) and phase II reactions (conjugation). However, there are species differences in the ability to conjugate in phase II reactions.

There are several types of conjugation, but cats lack the ability for glucuronidation, considered the most significant detoxification mechanism.

This is attributed to the fact that cats are obligate carnivores, unlike humans and dogs.

In other words, medications that are said to be safe for humans and dogs can become toxic to cats (notable examples: acetaminophen), and this means that the liver bears a significant detoxification burden.

Additionally, when ingested proteins are broken down, ammonia is generated, and detoxifying this ammonia is also a function of the liver.

When liver dysfunction occurs, the inability to detoxify ammonia leads to its accumulation in the body, causing brain damage and hepatic encephalopathy.

Symptoms of Liver Dysfunction (Liver Disease)

What symptoms can be observed if the liver function in dogs, cats, and pets deteriorates?

As mentioned earlier, the liver is called the “silent organ”, which means it might not show symptoms in the early stages.

If a pet has a naturally picky diet, the symptom of a lack of appetite could be overlooked as simply being their usual pickiness.

It is somewhat difficult to notice liver disease from symptoms alone, but blood tests can help detect liver abnormalities.

Regular health check-ups are crucial to early detection of any liver issues.

Causes of Liver Diseases

Various causes such as bacterial infections, viral infections, long-term medication, obesity, toxin intake, tumors, trauma, congenital abnormalities, specific breeds (e.g., Bedlington Terriers, West Highland White Terriers, Yorkshire Terriers, Miniature Schnauzers, Malteses, Shih Tzus), among others, are considered potential causes. However, pinpointing the exact cause is often challenging.

Liver Function Tests for Dogs, Cats, and Pets

Blood Test Parameters Related to the Liver

• ALT (GPT): This enzyme is present in large amounts in liver cells. It leaks out and registers high values when liver cells are damaged due to liver dysfunction.
• AST (GOT): This enzyme is found in the liver, heart muscle, and skeletal muscles. It shows high values when these organs are damaged, so it is not possible to definitively diagnose liver dysfunction based solely on high values. It is evaluated in conjunction with ALT (GPT).

Here is the translated text:

※AST/ALT(GOT/GPT)
Indicates the severity of liver disease. When liver disease is present, an AST/ALT ratio greater than 1 is considered to suggest a poor prognosis.

Diet and Nutrition for Dogs and Cats with Reduced Liver Function and Liver Diseases

To prevent liver diseases, it’s essential to reduce the burden on the liver.

For pets that have been on medication for a long time, it would be ideal if they could stop taking such medication. However, depending on the condition, some pets may still need to continue their medication.

In such cases, it would be best to reassess their daily lifestyle.

It’s crucial not to overfeed them in their daily diet and to ensure they get adequate exercise.

Choosing foods that do not stress the liver (with fewer additives) or using homemade meals with liver-supporting ingredients (such as liver, turmeric, natto, sesame seeds) can also be beneficial.

An increase in liver enzymes indicates that the liver has been damaged by inflammation, causing enzymes to leak from liver cells.

Therefore, by suppressing liver inflammation, we can expect an improvement in liver enzyme levels.

Try to include anti-inflammatory substances like EPA and DHA, vitamins C, E, and K, and vitamin B2, which promotes cell regeneration.

• EPA and DHA: These are mainly found in fish. While eating fish can provide high-quality protein, if your pet dislikes fish, try using salmon oil or krill oil (EPA and DHA from Antarctic krill).
• Vitamin C: This has strong antioxidant properties and supports immune function. It is abundant in broccoli, komatsuna (Japanese mustard spinach), and daikon (Japanese radish).
• Vitamin E: Found abundantly in plant-based oils and has strong antioxidant properties. It is also plentiful in almonds, but as they can cause digestive issues, ensure they are finely crushed and given in small amounts.
• Vitamin K: This vitamin is involved in blood clotting. It is abundant in spinach, molokhia, broccoli, cabbage, and natto (fermented soybeans).
• Vitamin B2: Promotes cell regeneration and has antioxidant properties. It is abundant in pork, liver, natto, and eggs.

Additionally, many cases have shown that stopping snacks can help stabilize liver enzyme levels.

Commercial snacks often contain a lot of additives and can lead to overeating.

While daily meals are essential, snacks are not something your pets “must” have.

Avoid giving your pets anything harmful to their liver and give their liver a break by cutting back on snacks.

For chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis, a diet with reduced protein to limit ammonia production is fundamental. Since dogs and cats require more protein than humans, using amino acid preparations like BCAAs (branched-chain amino acids) in the form of amino acids can be beneficial.

The liver is one of the most vital organs in the body.

By reducing the burden on the liver, you can also expect to maintain the health of your dogs and cats.

It’s crucial to provide regular care. Incorporating domestic SPF-pig-derived placenta extract for liver function support can improve their quality of life (QOL).

Improving Liver Function in Dogs and Cats

If you are concerned about your dog or cat’s liver, or if they are already suffering from liver disease, providing Domestic SPF Pig-derived Placenta Extract for 1 to 2 months can help in recovery of their vitality and appetite.

Once liver function begins to improve, continuing the administration of Domestic SPF Pig-derived Placenta Extract while gradually reducing the amount can enhance not only liver health but also improve the condition of their skin and coat.

If you have any questions about Domestic SPF Pig-derived Placenta Extract, BCAA, or Krill Oil (EPA/DHA oil extracted from Antarctic krill), please contact us.

監修獣医師：林美彩　　所属クリニック：chicoどうぶつ診療所

代替療法と西洋医学、両方の動物病院での勤務経験と多数のコルディの臨床経験をもつ。　モノリス在籍時には、一般的な動物医療（西洋医学）だけでは対応が困難な症例に対して多くの相談を受け、免疫の大切さを痛烈に実感する。
ペットたちの健康維持・改善のためには薬に頼った対処療法だけではなく、「普段の生活環境や食事を見直し、自宅でさまざまなケアを取り入れることで免疫力を維持し、病気にならない体づくりを目指していくことが大切である」という考えを提唱し普及活動に従事している。

所属：

• 獣医保健ソーシャルワーク協会

著書：

• 獣医師が考案した長生き犬ごはん 安心・簡単・作り置きOK!
• 獣医師が考案した長生き猫ごはん　安心・簡単・作り置きＯＫ！
• 獣医師が考案した一汁一菜長生き犬ごはん こだわりの安心レシピ&作り置きOK!