What kinds of diseases can affect a dog’s liver? Here, we have summarized the main diseases of the liver in dogs, excluding tumors (liver cancer), along with their causes, symptoms, and treatments. Even if a dog develops liver disease, there is ongoing research to determine if liver function can be improved using placental extract derived from domestically produced SPF pigs or Cordy, which is expected to have immune-modulating functions.

Canine Infectious Hepatitis (Canine Adenovirus Type 1 Infection) – Liver Disease and Cirrhosis in Dogs

Unvaccinated puppies can experience fatal symptoms, including sudden collapse (extreme weakness or sudden severe consciousness impairment) and sudden death. In adult dogs, it often passes without symptoms.

Symptoms of canine infectious hepatitis include fever lasting for several days due to liver inflammation, nasal discharge, coughing, and loss of appetite.

In severe cases, liver dysfunction and liver failure progress due to the fever.

During the recovery period, a characteristic of canine infectious hepatitis known as “blue eye,” where the cornea becomes bluish-white and cloudy, can persist for several weeks.

This cloudiness can sometimes recover, but it may also remain.

Treatment of Canine Infectious Hepatitis – Liver Disease in Dogs

There is no effective treatment for canine infectious hepatitis.

Non-specific antiviral agents like interferon may be used to suppress the virus, and intravenous fluids containing proteins and vitamins may be administered to support liver function.

Antibiotics may also be given to prevent secondary bacterial infections.

As a dietary therapy, we highly recommend incorporating food that supports liver function.

Prevention of Canine Infectious Hepatitis – Canine Liver Disease

Vaccination is effective.
The “Canine Adenovirus Type 1” that causes canine infectious hepatitis is included in all combination vaccines ranging from 3 to 11 types.

Acute Hepatitis in Dogs – Canine Liver Disease and Cirrhosis

Acute hepatitis in dogs refers to a state where there is acute inflammation in the liver.

Acute hepatitis can be caused by bacterial infections or as a result of suppuration when an injury becomes infected.

Regardless of the cause, gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea and vomiting can be observed.
Jaundice, ascites, and progression to chronic hepatitis may occur, and in the worst cases, it can lead to coma.

Treatment of Acute Hepatitis in Dogs – Canine Liver Disease

When a dog develops acute hepatitis, symptoms are alleviated through fluid therapy and antibiotic administration.

Additionally, it is recommended to maintain a stress-free environment while providing nutritional support and dietary therapy.

Prevention of Acute Hepatitis in Dogs – Canine Liver Disease

Periodic check-ups, avoiding the intake of harmful substances, and vaccination (to prevent adenovirus) are recommended.

However, by the time symptoms such as jaundice or ascites are observed, liver damage may have already progressed considerably. Therefore, it is advisable to seek early medical evaluation if symptoms like vomiting or diarrhea appear.

Chronic Hepatitis and Cirrhosis in Dogs – Canine Liver Disease and Cirrhosis

When this condition (chronic hepatitis) progresses, fibrosis occurs as lung tissue becomes fibrous, leading to liver fibrosis.
When this state becomes prolonged and alters the overall structure of the liver, it results in cirrhosis.

Cirrhosis in dogs can cause disruptions in the hepatic blood flow dynamics, eventually leading to conditions such as ascites and hepatic encephalopathy.

Cirrhosis tends to be more common in specific breeds such as Doberman Pinschers, Cocker Spaniels, and Labrador Retrievers, and in the case of Bedlington Terriers, genetic copper accumulation has been noted.

Dogs with cirrhosis often exhibit no symptoms, but commonly experience reduced appetite, vomiting, and diarrhea. As the condition progresses, symptoms such as jaundice, fluid accumulation in the abdomen, and a tendency to bleed may appear.

Moreover, because liver function is impaired, the detoxification of toxins like ammonia is hindered, potentially leading to neurological symptoms such as hepatic encephalopathy.

Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis and Cirrhosis in Dogs – Canine Liver Disease

In cases of drug-induced chronic hepatitis, reducing or discontinuing the medication is necessary.

If there are strong side effects or if the desired effect is not achieved, combining immunosuppressants can help mitigate inflammation.

When liver function decline results in ascites, diuretics are used to promote water excretion.
Other dietary therapies (see here for ingredients that support liver function) are essentially protein-restricted diets aimed at reducing ammonia production.

However, dogs and cats require more protein than we do, so it is advisable to utilize forms of protein that can be absorbed as amino acids, such as (BCAA).

Additionally, the anti-inflammatory properties of domestic SPF pig-derived placenta extracts may help alleviate symptoms.

Prevention of Chronic Hepatitis and Cirrhosis in Dogs – Dog Liver Disease

It is essential to avoid excessive use of medications and the intake of harmful substances (such as additives) to prevent putting stress on the liver.

Portosystemic Shunts in Dogs – Dog Liver Disease and Cirrhosis

A shunt refers to an abnormal connection in which blood vessels that would normally connect the digestive tract, pancreas, and spleen to the liver (portal vein) are instead connected to the vena cava through a short-circuiting vessel.

Due to this abnormality, toxins like ammonia, which should be detoxified in the liver, bypass it and enter the vena cava, circulating throughout the body and causing toxic damage.

In some cases, the liver fails to grow adequately due to insufficient blood supply, resulting in impaired function and potential growth deficiencies in the body.

Shunts can be located either inside the liver (intrahepatic) or outside the liver (extrahepatic). Intrahepatic shunts are more common in large dogs and are difficult to surgically treat, whereas extrahepatic shunts are more common in cats and small dogs, and a surgical method involving the closure of the shunt vessels with special devices exists.

These shunts are often congenital (present at birth), leading to symptoms like developmental delays and neurological issues.

The age of onset is said to be from 4 weeks old, and in males, there is a higher probability of concurrent cryptorchidism (undescended testicles).

Additionally, as genetic factors are suspected, one preventive measure is to avoid breeding dogs that may carry the portosystemic shunt gene.

Acquired portosystemic shunt manifests due to increased blood pressure in the portal vein, resulting from liver disorders such as cirrhosis, fibrosis, or chronic hepatitis, and bile duct obstruction that congest blood flow entering the liver.

Even if typical symptoms do not present, abnormalities may be detected through hematuria caused by bladder stones (due to excessive ammonia in the blood), blood tests (liver values, ammonia levels, pre- and post-meal total bile acid values), and X-rays (showing a small liver).

Ultrasonography is an exceedingly effective diagnostic tool, while CT scans also provide an evaluation of the portal vein.

Treatment of Portosystemic Shunt in Dogs – Liver Disease in Dogs

As previously mentioned, surgery can be effective for extrahepatic shunts.

In terms of medical treatments, to prevent hepatic encephalopathy, diets with restricted proteins, antibiotics, and lactulose can be utilized to suppress ammonia production.

For acquired cases where surgery is not considered applicable, eliminating the cause of the increased portal pressure is crucial.

For dietary therapy that you may want to actively incorporate, please refer to these foods that support liver function.

Prevention of Portosystemic Shunt in Dogs – Liver Disease in Dogs

In congenital cases, avoiding breeding to prevent the propagation of portosystemic shunt genes can prevent further occurrence.

In acquired cases, it is necessary to avoid factors that increase portal pressure, such as excessive medication, intake of harmful substances, and unbalanced nutrition.

Moreover, for breeds prone to the condition, regular examinations for early detection are also important.

Gallbladder Sludge and Gallstones in Dogs – Liver Disease and Cirrhosis in Dogs

Gallbladder sludge and gallstones refer to the condition where bile-derived sludge or stones accumulate in the gallbladder, which stores bile.

This can result from endocrine abnormalities in dogs, bacterial infections causing cholecystitis, or diet, but cholecystitis may also develop from concurrent conditions such as enteritis, pancreatitis, or hepatitis, progressing to gallbladder sludge or gallstones.

In cases of cholecystitis in dogs, changes in bile composition can lead to crystallization of calcium, forming gallstones, or increased viscosity of bile, causing sludge and leading to gallbladder sludge.

Symptoms of cholecystitis, gallbladder sludge, and gallstones in dogs include decreased energy and appetite, vomiting, jaundice, changes in stool color (pale stools), and occasional abdominal pain, although there are often no symptoms in the early stages.

Thus, late detection is common, and in the worst cases, gallbladder rupture can result in peritoneal contamination and peritonitis.

Blood tests typically show abnormal liver enzymes and total bile acids, while X-rays and ultrasound imaging can detect gallstones and sludge.

Treatment of Gallbladder Sludge and Gallstones in Dogs – Liver Disease in Dogs

For asymptomatic or mild cases, medical treatments including antibiotics and choleretics (medications promoting bile secretion) are employed, with ongoing ultrasound monitoring.

If medical treatment is unresponsive or in severe cases, or if gallstones consist of calcium salts indicating limited efficacy of medical treatment, surgical intervention may be necessary.

Surgical methods may involve removal of gallstones or sludge from the gallbladder but generally involve complete gallbladder removal to prevent recurrence.

In dietary therapy, avoiding snacks and high-fat diets (low-fat diets) is recommended.

Please refer to these foods that support liver function.

Prevention of Gallbladder Sludge and Gallstones in Dogs – Liver Disease in Dogs

Regular check-ups for early detection and treatment, as well as appropriate diet and exercise from a young age, are essential.

Since gallbladder disease can often develop due to a weakened immune system, it is also important to reduce stress as much as possible.

Moreover, if there are endocrine abnormalities, the composition of bile can easily change, so treatment for endocrine disorders should be implemented.

Gallbladder Mucocele – Liver Diseases and Cirrhosis in Dogs

Gallbladder mucocele is a benign tumor where mucus accumulates in the gallbladder, causing it to enlarge. This disease is common in older dogs that are prone to hyperlipidemia, such as Miniature Schnauzers and Shetland Sheepdogs.

Bacterial infections or inflammation can change the environment inside the gallbladder, leading to excessive mucus production.

The accumulation of jelly-like bile due to mucus can cause cholecystitis, or block the bile ducts (common bile duct), resulting in jaundice, nausea, decreased energy and appetite, and liver failure.

In severe cases, the gallbladder wall can rupture, causing bile to leak into the abdominal cavity, leading to peritonitis. This may present with fever, abdominal pain, ascites, and overall collapse.

Blood tests often reveal elevated liver values, hyperlipidemia, increased total bile acid levels, and elevated inflammation markers, but an ultrasound examination is crucial for a definitive diagnosis. If kiwi fruit-like patterns or star-shaped patterns are seen on the ultrasound, a gallbladder mucocele is suspected.

It is not uncommon for there to be no clinical symptoms at all.

Treatment Methods for Gallbladder Mucocele – Liver Diseases in Dogs

In asymptomatic or mild cases, conservative treatment with antibiotics and choleretic agents (drugs promoting bile secretion) is pursued, with regular ultrasound examinations to monitor progress.

However, generally, for dogs exhibiting symptoms related to this disease, surgical removal of the gallbladder is recommended.

Postoperative dietary therapy and continuation of conservative treatment are crucial.

Preventative Measures for Gallbladder Mucocele – Liver Diseases in Dogs

Regular check-ups for early detection and treatment, as well as appropriate diet and exercise from a young age, are essential.

Since gallbladder disease can often develop due to a weakened immune system, it is also important to reduce stress as much as possible.

The liver is one of the most crucial organs in the body.

Reducing the burden on the liver can help maintain the health of dogs and cats.

Improving diet is beneficial both for treatment and prevention, and using placenta as a supplement is also recommended.

Consider incorporating foods that support liver function and using Placenta Kiss Powder derived from domestically produced SPF pigs to help promote the well-being of your dogs and cats.

Approaches to Liver Cancer, Liver Diseases, and Cirrhosis in Dogs

For those concerned about their dog’s liver or dogs already suffering from liver disease, administering Placenta Kiss Powder derived from domestically produced SPF pigs for one to two months may improve their condition.

As liver function improves, you can reduce the dosage of Placenta Kiss Powder derived from domestically produced SPF pigs, which will not only invigorate the liver but also improve skin condition and coat quality.

If you have any questions about Placenta Kiss Powder derived from domestically produced SPF pigs, BCAA, or krill oil (EPA/DHA oil extracted from Antarctic krill), please contact us.

監修獣医師：林美彩　　所属クリニック：chicoどうぶつ診療所

代替療法と西洋医学、両方の動物病院での勤務経験と多数のコルディの臨床経験をもつ。　モノリス在籍時には、一般的な動物医療（西洋医学）だけでは対応が困難な症例に対して多くの相談を受け、免疫の大切さを痛烈に実感する。
ペットたちの健康維持・改善のためには薬に頼った対処療法だけではなく、「普段の生活環境や食事を見直し、自宅でさまざまなケアを取り入れることで免疫力を維持し、病気にならない体づくりを目指していくことが大切である」という考えを提唱し普及活動に従事している。

所属：

• 獣医保健ソーシャルワーク協会

著書：

• 獣医師が考案した長生き犬ごはん 安心・簡単・作り置きOK!
• 獣医師が考案した長生き猫ごはん　安心・簡単・作り置きＯＫ！
• 獣医師が考案した一汁一菜長生き犬ごはん こだわりの安心レシピ&作り置きOK!

#### Main Liver Diseases in Cats (Excluding Tumors like Liver Cancer)
This section outlines the causes, symptoms, and treatments for the primary liver diseases in cats, apart from tumors such as liver cancer.

Research is ongoing to understand how treatments like placental extract and Cordyceps may improve liver conditions by boosting the immune system, even if a cat develops liver disease.

### Acute Hepatitis

Suppurative hepatitis is caused by the invasion of external bacteria.

Cholangiohepatitis, diabetes, Cushing’s syndrome (hyperadrenocorticism), and excessive steroid use can also lead to its development.

Granulomatous hepatitis can be due to feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), fungi forming granulomas, parasites, and, in rare cases, tumors or lymphangiectasia.

Both conditions can present with gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea and vomiting.

Jaundice, ascites, and progression to chronic hepatitis may occur, with the worst-case scenario leading to coma.

### Treatment Methods
The goal is to alleviate symptoms through fluid therapy and antibiotics.

Additionally, nutritional support and dietary therapy are provided, and the patient is kept stress-free and at rest.
### Dietary Therapy

For dietary therapy, please refer to [these ingredients that support liver function](https://cordy-en.com/maintain-liver-function/#syokuji).

Additionally, the anti-inflammatory effects of [placenta](https://cordy-en.com/dog-cat-placenta2/) can also be expected to alleviate symptoms.

### Prevention

Regular check-ups and avoiding the intake of harmful substances are recommended.

### Chronic Hepatitis, Liver Cirrhosis, and Liver Fibrosis

As chronic hepatitis progresses, the liver tissue becomes fibrotic, leading to liver fibrosis, and if this condition is prolonged, it results in liver cirrhosis where the overall structure of the liver changes.

In liver cirrhosis, because blood flow within the liver is hampered, it ultimately leads to conditions like ascites and hepatic encephalopathy.

While it often presents without symptoms, generally, there are symptoms such as appetite loss, vomiting, and diarrhea. As it progresses, jaundice, accumulation of ascitic fluid, and a tendency to bleed may be observed.

Moreover, impaired liver function can lead to the inability to detoxify substances like ammonia, resulting in neurological symptoms like hepatic encephalopathy.

### Treatment

If chronic hepatitis is due to medication, it is necessary to reduce or discontinue the medication.

If side effects are severe or the effects are insufficient, inflammation is controlled by combining immunosuppressants.

If ascites is present, the fluid can be removed by inserting a needle or by promoting fluid excretion with diuretics.

Additionally, as a dietary therapy, a protein-restricted diet is fundamental to reduce ammonia production.

There are two types of proteins: animal and plant-based. Plant-based proteins are easier on the liver compared to animal proteins, so it might be beneficial to include a slightly higher proportion of plant-based proteins.

However, dogs and cats require more protein than humans, so utilizing [BCAAs](https://cordy-en.com/bcaa/), which are protein breakdown products in the form of amino acids, is recommended.

Also, the [liver cell growth factor (HGF) contained in placenta](https://cordy-en.com/dog-cat-placenta2/) can aid in the decomposition and removal of fibrotic liver tissue.

Prevention

It is important to avoid excessive use of medications and intake of harmful substances (such as additives) to prevent putting strain on the liver.

Cholangitis and Cholangiohepatitis

Chronic inflammatory diseases are the most common biliary and liver diseases in cats, with the inflammation extending from the bile ducts to the surrounding liver cells, termed as cholangiohepatitis.

Cholangitis can be categorized into suppurative (caused by bacterial infections such as E. coli, β-hemolytic streptococci, Klebsiella, Actinomyces, and Clostridium) and non-suppurative (no bacterial infection).

Suppurative cholangitis results from the infection of intestinal bacteria from the extrahepatic bile ducts to the intrahepatic bile ducts.

Non-suppurative cholangitis, also known as lymphocytic cholangitis, is believed to be associated with autoimmune diseases.

Similar to hepatitis, there are often no significant symptoms in the early stages, and even if blood tests show elevated liver values, imaging tests usually do not reveal any changes.

As the disease progresses, symptoms such as decreased energy and appetite, digestive symptoms like vomiting and diarrhea, and jaundice may appear. Blood tests may show elevated total bile acid levels as well as decreased levels of albumin (Alb) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN).

For a definitive diagnosis, liver tissue samples are collected via laparoscopy and submitted for pathological examination.

Treatment

In cases of suppurative cholangitis, the primary treatment involves the use of antibiotics to address the bacterial infection.

However, indiscriminate use of antibiotics can lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, so it is recommended to select appropriate antibiotics based on bacterial culture of liver tissue.

For non-suppurative cholangitis, treating underlying conditions in other organs is prioritized, with the use of steroids to suppress inflammation.

Since steroids are also immunosuppressants, long-term use can lead to complications such as diabetes or bacterial infections. It is crucial to administer steroids while closely monitoring the patient’s condition through regular blood tests.

Additional treatments may include administration of antioxidants and liver protectants.

For cats with poor appetite, there is a risk of concurrent hepatic lipidosis, so placement of a feeding tube in the stomach or esophagus may be considered.

Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effects of placenta may help alleviate symptoms.

Prevention

Avoid excessive use of medications and intake of harmful substances (such as additives) to prevent putting strain on the liver.

Here are some foods that support liver function.

Extrahepatic Bile Duct Obstruction

This is a condition where the extrahepatic bile ducts become obstructed due to various reasons such as inflammation, tumors, or trauma of the organs (pancreas, duodenum, bile ducts). It is often a secondary condition caused by other underlying diseases, rather than occurring on its own.

It can be classified into extraluminal compression and intraluminal obstruction. Extraluminal compression refers to the condition where the bile ducts are compressed from the outside due to inflammation, tumors, or trauma, while intraluminal obstruction refers to the condition where gallstones or concentrated bile block the ducts.

Symptoms vary depending on the underlying disease, but generally, loss of appetite and jaundice are common.

Due to the inability to effectively excrete bile, it is also characteristic for stools to become pale (grayish-white).

Since bile is involved in the synthesis of proteins related to blood coagulation, bleeding tendencies may also be observed due to bile secretion deficiency.

Treatment Methods

Treatment of the underlying disease is prioritized.

In cases of partial obstruction, medication may improve the condition; however, if there is no improvement or in cases of complete obstruction, biliary bypass surgery or stent placement is performed to widen the duct and relieve the obstruction.

Additionally, since bile insufficiency can cause malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins, subcutaneous administration of vitamin K may also be carried out.

Please see here for dietary ingredients that can actively support liver function as part of dietary therapy.

Prevention Methods

To prevent underlying diseases, it is important to provide a proper diet, exercise, and a stress-free lifestyle on a daily basis.

Portosystemic Shunt (PSS)

A shunt is a “short-circuit,” where the blood vessel (portal vein) that normally connects the digestive tract, pancreas, and spleen to the liver is instead connected to the large veins via a short-circuit vessel.

The toxins, such as ammonia, which are meant to be detoxified in the liver, enter the systemic circulation without being detoxified due to the shunt vessel, causing toxin-related damage to the body.

Additionally, the inability to supply adequate blood to the liver results in underdevelopment of the liver and impaired function, leading to growth disorders in the body itself.

Shunt vessels can be located inside the liver (intrahepatic) or outside the liver (extrahepatic). In cats, extrahepatic shunts are more common, and there are surgical techniques to close the shunt vessel using special instruments.

Compared to dogs, the incidence of portosystemic shunts in cats is said to be lower.

Most cases are congenital (present from birth), causing poor development and neurological symptoms.

Cats with portosystemic shunts exhibit growth retardation when compared to their littermates, fail to gain weight, and show symptoms such as loss of appetite, lethargy, diarrhea, postprandial vomiting, and neurological symptoms (drooling, aimless wandering, seizures, convulsions). In severe cases, it can be fatal.

Since genetic factors are suggested, one of the preventive measures is to avoid breeding dogs that might carry the genes for portosystemic shunts.
### Acquired Portosystemic Shunt

An acquired portosystemic shunt appears when blood pressure in the portal vein increases due to liver dysfunctions such as cirrhosis, hepatic fibrosis, chronic hepatitis, or bile duct obstruction, causing blood congestion in the liver.

Even if typical symptoms do not appear, abnormalities can be detected through hematuria caused by bladder stones (due to the increased tendency for stones to form from excessive ammonia in the blood), blood tests (liver values, ammonia levels, pre-and postprandial total bile acid values), and radiographs (showing a small liver).

Ultrasound examination is highly effective, and CT scans can also evaluate the portal vein.

Treatment Methods

As mentioned earlier, surgery can be effective in cases of extrahepatic shunt.

In terms of medical therapy, to prevent hepatic encephalopathy, ammonia production is controlled through protein-restricted diets, antibiotics, and lactulose.

For acquired cases, surgery is generally considered inappropriate, making the removal of the cause of elevated portal pressure crucial.

Prevention Methods

For congenital cases, it is suggested to prevent breeding to avoid the proliferation of offspring with portosystemic shunt, due to its hereditary nature.

For acquired cases, to prevent causes of elevated portal pressure, it is necessary to avoid excessive medication, harmful substances, and unbalanced nutrition intake.

Additionally, in breeds prone to the condition, regular checkups for early detection are also important.

### Hepatic Lipidosis

Also known as fatty liver syndrome, it is a condition where excessive fat (triglycerides, neutral fats) accumulates in the liver cells.

The accumulation of fat in the liver leads to hepatomegaly.

Liver function declines, bile stasis occurs, leading to jaundice, and in severe cases, there can be mental disorientation, hepatic encephalopathy, and potential fatality.

Obesity is one predisposing factor, but it can also result from other diseases causing bile duct inflammation or appetite loss, and sometimes stress can trigger rapid liver damage.

When a cat stops eating due to illness or dietary changes, the body fat is rapidly transported to the liver because of the inability to intake calories, leading to swift progression of fat accumulation in the liver, causing hepatic lipidosis.

Blood tests show elevated liver values, triglycerides, and cholesterol, and if jaundice is present, total bile acid values will also be elevated.

If neurological symptoms such as mental disorientation or hepatic encephalopathy are observed, ammonia levels will also be high.

Radiographs may reveal hepatomegaly but cannot provide a definitive diagnosis. If echography shows a whitish liver, hepatic lipidosis is suspected.

For a definitive diagnosis, liver cells are extracted under echography to confirm fat accumulation and hepatomegaly via microscopic examination.

Treatment Methods

A high-nutrition diet containing quality proteins is the most effective treatment.

Forced feeding is often performed, but for severely ill cats or those who are sensitive to stress, forced feeding might further deplete their strength. In such cases, nutritional catheters are placed in the nose, neck, or stomach to administer liquid food.
### Translation

In cases of feline hepatic encephalopathy, excessive protein intake can exacerbate symptoms, so initially, a diet with controlled protein levels is provided.

Depending on the symptoms, intravenous fluids and antibiotics may also be used, and if there are other underlying conditions, treatments for those will be conducted simultaneously.

Additionally, for dietary therapy to support liver function, please refer to [these ingredients](https://cordy-en.com/maintain-liver-function/#syokuji).

### Preventive Measures

It’s necessary to manage your pet’s diet regularly to prevent obesity. Additionally, ensure appropriate exercise and avoid stress.

If unexplained loss of appetite persists, it’s important to have your pet checked as soon as possible.

## Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)

Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus (FIP virus) results from a mutation of the feline coronavirus in the intestines.

Presently, there is no cure, and it remains an incurable disease with only palliative treatments available.

It commonly develops in young or elderly cats, but any cat carrying the coronavirus is at risk of developing FIP.

It is estimated that half of the cats in Japan are asymptomatically infected with feline coronavirus (infected but showing no symptoms).

To prevent mutations, it is crucial to minimize stress and maintain the immune system.

Symptoms include fever, gastrointestinal issues such as loss of appetite and vomiting, dehydration, and anemia. As the condition progresses, liver dysfunction can occur, and accumulation of abdominal fluid or chest fluid can cause abdominal distension, which can compress the chest and lead to respiratory distress (wet form: effusive type).

In the dry form (non-effusive type), neurological symptoms such as paralysis, hyperesthesia, epileptic seizures, and personality changes, as well as eye issues like iritis and uveitis, can manifest. Vomiting, constipation, and jaundice related to organ impairment may also be observed.

### Treatment
As it is incurable, the focus is on symptomatic and palliative care to maintain quality of life (QOL).

Interferons and steroids may be used, and treatments to alleviate various symptoms (such as anti-nausea, anti-diarrhea, and pain relief medications) may also be administered.

For immune support, Cordy is recommended.

To support liver function, [placenta](https://cordy-en.com/dog-cat-placenta2/) is also considered effective.

For dietary therapy, please refer to [these ingredients](https://cordy-en.com/maintain-liver-function/#syokuji) which help support liver function.

### Preventive Measures
The primary prevention is to avoid stress.

For indoor cats, it is also important to maintain the hygiene of their living space, such as disinfecting their environment and keeping their litter boxes and dishes clean.
Please also visit the Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) page.

The liver is one of the most important organs in the body. By reducing the burden on the liver, you can also expect to maintain the health of your dog or cat.

Improving their diet is useful both as a treatment and as a prevention measure. As additional support, we recommend using placenta.

Incorporate foods that support liver function and use Placenta Kiss Powder derived from domestically-produced SPF pigs to aim for a healthy body for your dog or cat.

For more information on Placenta Kiss Powder derived from domestically-produced SPF pigs, click here.

Harness the power of immunity for cat liver cancer and liver disease

For those concerned about your cat’s liver or whose cat is already suffering from a liver disease.

There is a possibility of improvement by administering Placenta Kiss Powder derived from domestically-produced SPF pigs for 1 to 2 months to help recover vigor and appetite.

If liver function improves, you can continue using Placenta Kiss Powder derived from domestically-produced SPF pigs while gradually reducing the amount, which not only helps rejuvenate the liver but also improves skin condition and coat quality.

If you have any questions about Placenta Kiss Powder derived from domestically-produced SPF pigs, BCAA, or krill oil (EPA/DHA oil extracted from Antarctic krill), please feel free to contact us.

監修獣医師：林美彩　　所属クリニック：chicoどうぶつ診療所

代替療法と西洋医学、両方の動物病院での勤務経験と多数のコルディの臨床経験をもつ。　モノリス在籍時には、一般的な動物医療（西洋医学）だけでは対応が困難な症例に対して多くの相談を受け、免疫の大切さを痛烈に実感する。
ペットたちの健康維持・改善のためには薬に頼った対処療法だけではなく、「普段の生活環境や食事を見直し、自宅でさまざまなケアを取り入れることで免疫力を維持し、病気にならない体づくりを目指していくことが大切である」という考えを提唱し普及活動に従事している。

所属：

• 獣医保健ソーシャルワーク協会

著書：

• 獣医師が考案した長生き犬ごはん 安心・簡単・作り置きOK!
• 獣医師が考案した長生き猫ごはん　安心・簡単・作り置きＯＫ！
• 獣医師が考案した一汁一菜長生き犬ごはん こだわりの安心レシピ&作り置きOK!

Case Reports

• Usage Example of Placenta Extract Derived from Domestic SPF Pigs
• Recovery Case of a Dog with Poor Liver Values (Improvement in Cognition, Thyroid Function, Liver Function)
• Case of Improved Liver and Kidney Function in a Dog Using Placenta
• Six Cases of Improved Liver Function in Dogs and Cats Using Placenta
• Cases of Improved Atopy, Skin Disease, and Coat Condition in Dogs and Cats

Recommended Reading

• Liver Disease in Dogs and Cats: Methods to Improve Liver Function and Restore Liver Health
• Types and Efficacies of Placenta ~
• Liver Function Recovery with Placenta ~
• Improving Skin Diseases, Allergies, and Coat Condition in Dogs and Cats with Placenta

]]> https://cordy-en.com/maintain-liver-function/ Tue, 08 Jan 2019 06:00:16 +0000 https://cordy-en.com/?p=1475

The liver is often referred to as the “silent organ,” meaning that even if liver function deteriorates slightly, noticeable symptoms do not appear immediately.

However, if liver function worsens significantly, distinctive symptoms will emerge, so please observe your pet carefully.

If there are signs of impaired liver function, domestic SPF pig-derived placenta extract is recommended.

Additionally, using Cordy to enhance the immune system could potentially lead to rapid improvement in liver function, even if it has deteriorated. Our research is ongoing in this area.

Liver Function in Dogs, Cats, and Other Pets

The liver is the largest organ in the body and is responsible for various functions.

Among these, three functions are particularly important.

The liver is known as the “silent organ”, because dysfunction may not be reflected in blood test values, and symptoms may not be apparent.

Thus, if abnormal values are observed in tests or symptoms appear, it can be considered that the liver is significantly impaired.

This page will explain the functions of the liver.

Production and Secretion of Bile

Bile aids in the smooth absorption of ingested fats.

After being produced in the liver, bile is stored in the gallbladder and is released into the duodenum when needed.

Bile is composed of “bilirubin,” a yellow pigment produced from the breakdown of aged red blood cells, cholesterol, and bile acids derived from the breakdown of cholesterol.

After assisting in the digestion and absorption of fats, bile acids are reabsorbed in the small intestine and most of them are returned to the liver.

Metabolism of Nutrients

Various nutrients absorbed in the body are converted into different components and stored, and energy is produced by breaking down stored nutrients when needed.

Detoxification Function

The body detoxifies ingested drugs and harmful substances through oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, and conjugation.

This detoxification process is divided into phase I reactions (oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis) and phase II reactions (conjugation). However, there are species differences in the ability to conjugate in phase II reactions.

There are several types of conjugation, but cats lack the ability for glucuronidation, considered the most significant detoxification mechanism.

This is attributed to the fact that cats are obligate carnivores, unlike humans and dogs.

In other words, medications that are said to be safe for humans and dogs can become toxic to cats (notable examples: acetaminophen), and this means that the liver bears a significant detoxification burden.

Additionally, when ingested proteins are broken down, ammonia is generated, and detoxifying this ammonia is also a function of the liver.

When liver dysfunction occurs, the inability to detoxify ammonia leads to its accumulation in the body, causing brain damage and hepatic encephalopathy.

Symptoms of Liver Dysfunction (Liver Disease)

What symptoms can be observed if the liver function in dogs, cats, and pets deteriorates?

As mentioned earlier, the liver is called the “silent organ”, which means it might not show symptoms in the early stages.

If a pet has a naturally picky diet, the symptom of a lack of appetite could be overlooked as simply being their usual pickiness.

It is somewhat difficult to notice liver disease from symptoms alone, but blood tests can help detect liver abnormalities.

Regular health check-ups are crucial to early detection of any liver issues.

Causes of Liver Diseases

Various causes such as bacterial infections, viral infections, long-term medication, obesity, toxin intake, tumors, trauma, congenital abnormalities, specific breeds (e.g., Bedlington Terriers, West Highland White Terriers, Yorkshire Terriers, Miniature Schnauzers, Malteses, Shih Tzus), among others, are considered potential causes. However, pinpointing the exact cause is often challenging.

Liver Function Tests for Dogs, Cats, and Pets

Blood Test Parameters Related to the Liver

• ALT (GPT): This enzyme is present in large amounts in liver cells. It leaks out and registers high values when liver cells are damaged due to liver dysfunction.
• AST (GOT): This enzyme is found in the liver, heart muscle, and skeletal muscles. It shows high values when these organs are damaged, so it is not possible to definitively diagnose liver dysfunction based solely on high values. It is evaluated in conjunction with ALT (GPT).

Here is the translated text:

※AST/ALT(GOT/GPT)
Indicates the severity of liver disease. When liver disease is present, an AST/ALT ratio greater than 1 is considered to suggest a poor prognosis.

Diet and Nutrition for Dogs and Cats with Reduced Liver Function and Liver Diseases

To prevent liver diseases, it’s essential to reduce the burden on the liver.

For pets that have been on medication for a long time, it would be ideal if they could stop taking such medication. However, depending on the condition, some pets may still need to continue their medication.

In such cases, it would be best to reassess their daily lifestyle.

It’s crucial not to overfeed them in their daily diet and to ensure they get adequate exercise.

Choosing foods that do not stress the liver (with fewer additives) or using homemade meals with liver-supporting ingredients (such as liver, turmeric, natto, sesame seeds) can also be beneficial.

An increase in liver enzymes indicates that the liver has been damaged by inflammation, causing enzymes to leak from liver cells.

Therefore, by suppressing liver inflammation, we can expect an improvement in liver enzyme levels.

Try to include anti-inflammatory substances like EPA and DHA, vitamins C, E, and K, and vitamin B2, which promotes cell regeneration.

• EPA and DHA: These are mainly found in fish. While eating fish can provide high-quality protein, if your pet dislikes fish, try using salmon oil or krill oil (EPA and DHA from Antarctic krill).
• Vitamin C: This has strong antioxidant properties and supports immune function. It is abundant in broccoli, komatsuna (Japanese mustard spinach), and daikon (Japanese radish).
• Vitamin E: Found abundantly in plant-based oils and has strong antioxidant properties. It is also plentiful in almonds, but as they can cause digestive issues, ensure they are finely crushed and given in small amounts.
• Vitamin K: This vitamin is involved in blood clotting. It is abundant in spinach, molokhia, broccoli, cabbage, and natto (fermented soybeans).
• Vitamin B2: Promotes cell regeneration and has antioxidant properties. It is abundant in pork, liver, natto, and eggs.

Additionally, many cases have shown that stopping snacks can help stabilize liver enzyme levels.

Commercial snacks often contain a lot of additives and can lead to overeating.

While daily meals are essential, snacks are not something your pets “must” have.

Avoid giving your pets anything harmful to their liver and give their liver a break by cutting back on snacks.

For chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis, a diet with reduced protein to limit ammonia production is fundamental. Since dogs and cats require more protein than humans, using amino acid preparations like BCAAs (branched-chain amino acids) in the form of amino acids can be beneficial.

The liver is one of the most vital organs in the body.

By reducing the burden on the liver, you can also expect to maintain the health of your dogs and cats.

It’s crucial to provide regular care. Incorporating domestic SPF-pig-derived placenta extract for liver function support can improve their quality of life (QOL).

Improving Liver Function in Dogs and Cats

If you are concerned about your dog or cat’s liver, or if they are already suffering from liver disease, providing Domestic SPF Pig-derived Placenta Extract for 1 to 2 months can help in recovery of their vitality and appetite.

Once liver function begins to improve, continuing the administration of Domestic SPF Pig-derived Placenta Extract while gradually reducing the amount can enhance not only liver health but also improve the condition of their skin and coat.

If you have any questions about Domestic SPF Pig-derived Placenta Extract, BCAA, or Krill Oil (EPA/DHA oil extracted from Antarctic krill), please contact us.

監修獣医師：林美彩　　所属クリニック：chicoどうぶつ診療所

代替療法と西洋医学、両方の動物病院での勤務経験と多数のコルディの臨床経験をもつ。　モノリス在籍時には、一般的な動物医療（西洋医学）だけでは対応が困難な症例に対して多くの相談を受け、免疫の大切さを痛烈に実感する。
ペットたちの健康維持・改善のためには薬に頼った対処療法だけではなく、「普段の生活環境や食事を見直し、自宅でさまざまなケアを取り入れることで免疫力を維持し、病気にならない体づくりを目指していくことが大切である」という考えを提唱し普及活動に従事している。

所属：

• 獣医保健ソーシャルワーク協会

著書：

• 獣医師が考案した長生き犬ごはん 安心・簡単・作り置きOK!
• 獣医師が考案した長生き猫ごはん　安心・簡単・作り置きＯＫ！
• 獣医師が考案した一汁一菜長生き犬ごはん こだわりの安心レシピ&作り置きOK!

Liver Dysfunction (Liver Disease)

What symptoms can be observed when the liver function of dogs, cats, and pets deteriorates?

• Lethargy
• Decreased appetite
• Weight loss
• Vomiting, soft stools, diarrhea
• Increased water intake
• Increased frequency and volume of urination
• Jaundice (yellowing of gums, sclera, and pinnae)
• Swelling
• Increased tendency to bleed

As mentioned earlier, the liver is called the “silent organ,” and in the early stages, there may be no symptoms. If your pet is already a picky eater, you might dismiss a lack of appetite as normal finickiness and overlook it. It’s somewhat difficult to notice liver disease from symptoms alone, but you can detect liver abnormalities through blood tests. It’s crucial to catch any liver issues early through regular health check-ups.

Causes of Liver Disease

Various causes of liver disease include bacterial infections, viral infections, long-term drug administration, obesity, toxin ingestion, tumors, trauma, congenital abnormalities, and specific breeds (e.g., Bedlington Terriers, West Highland White Terriers, Yorkshire Terriers, Miniature Schnauzers, Maltese, Shih Tzus). However, pinpointing the exact cause can be challenging.

Below, we have linked articles related to liver diseases in dogs and cats. We hope you find them useful.
About Liver Diseases in Dogs
About Liver Diseases in Cats

The liver is one of the most important organs in the body. Reducing the burden on the liver can help maintain the health of your dog or cat. It is important to provide regular care, so why not consider incorporating placenta to support liver function?

For our recommended placenta, please refer to the Details on Japan-Sourced SPF Pig-Derived Placenta Kiss Powder.

Liver Cancer and Liver Disease Measures That Do Not Burden the Body

For those concerned about their pet’s liver or those whose pets are already suffering from liver disease, feeding Japan-Sourced SPF Pig-Derived Placenta Kiss Powder for 1 to 2 months can be expected to improve energy and appetite.

If liver function improves, you can continue giving the Japan-Sourced SPF Pig-Derived Placenta Kiss Powder while gradually reducing the amount. This can not only rejuvenate the liver but also enhance skin condition, coat texture, and luster.

If you have any questions about Japan-Sourced SPF Pig-Derived Placenta Kiss Powder, BCAA, or Krill Oil (EPA/DHA oil extracted from Antarctic krill), please contact us.

監修獣医師：林美彩　　所属クリニック：chicoどうぶつ診療所

代替療法と西洋医学、両方の動物病院での勤務経験と多数のコルディの臨床経験をもつ。　モノリス在籍時には、一般的な動物医療（西洋医学）だけでは対応が困難な症例に対して多くの相談を受け、免疫の大切さを痛烈に実感する。
ペットたちの健康維持・改善のためには薬に頼った対処療法だけではなく、「普段の生活環境や食事を見直し、自宅でさまざまなケアを取り入れることで免疫力を維持し、病気にならない体づくりを目指していくことが大切である」という考えを提唱し普及活動に従事している。

所属：

• 獣医保健ソーシャルワーク協会

著書：

• 獣医師が考案した長生き犬ごはん 安心・簡単・作り置きOK!
• 獣医師が考案した長生き猫ごはん　安心・簡単・作り置きＯＫ！
• 獣医師が考案した一汁一菜長生き犬ごはん こだわりの安心レシピ&作り置きOK!

Prevention of Liver Disease

To prevent liver disease, it is essential to reduce the burden on the liver. For pets that have been on long-term medication, it would be ideal to discontinue the medication, but some pets must continue to take their medication due to their condition. In such cases, revisiting their daily lifestyle is crucial.

Ensuring that your pet does not overeat and gets adequate exercise is important. Choosing foods that do not stress the liver (those with fewer additives) or using ingredients that support liver function (such as liver, turmeric, natto, and sesame) in homemade meals can also be beneficial.

An elevated liver enzyme level indicates that the liver has been damaged by inflammation, causing enzymes to leak from liver cells. Therefore, reducing liver inflammation can help improve liver enzyme levels. Consider incorporating anti-inflammatory agents like EPA and DHA (DHA < EPA in terms of anti-inflammatory effects), Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin K, and Vitamin B2, which promotes cell regeneration. - EPA, DHA: These are primarily found in fish. Consuming fish itself provides not only these beneficial oils but also high-quality protein. If your pet does not like fish, consider supplements like salmon oil or krill oil (EPA and DHA from Antarctic krill).
– Vitamin C: This has strong antioxidant properties and supports the immune system. It is abundant in foods like broccoli, komatsuna, and daikon radish.
– Vitamin E: This is found in large quantities in plant-based oils and has strong antioxidant properties. While almonds also contain high levels of Vitamin E, they can cause digestive issues, so make sure to finely crush them and introduce them gradually.
・Vitamin K: This vitamin is involved in blood clotting. It is abundantly found in spinach, molokheiya, broccoli, cabbage, and natto.
・Vitamin B2: This vitamin promotes cell regeneration and has antioxidant properties. It is abundantly found in pork, liver, natto, and eggs.

Additionally, there have been many cases where liver enzyme levels stabilized by stopping treats. Commercial treats often contain a lot of additives and can lead to overeating. While meals are essential daily, treats are not something that must be eaten.
By avoiding substances harmful to the liver and giving it a rest, you can help protect it.

The liver is one of the most important organs in the body.
Reducing the burden on the liver can help maintain the health of your dogs and cats.
Ongoing care is crucial, so why not consider incorporating placenta supplements that support liver function?

For our recommended placenta supplement, please refer to Placenta Powder from Domestic SPF Pigs.

Reference Articles on Liver Cancer in Dogs and Cats

Concerned about your pet’s liver health, or dealing with a liver disease in your dog or cat? For tips on restoring vitality and appetite, please check out this page and the links below.

• Liver Cancer in Dogs and Cats – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Improvement Methods
• About Placenta – Part 1Types and Efficacy of Placenta
• About Placenta – Part 2Effects of Placenta on the Liver
• About Placenta – Part 3Effects of Placenta on the Skin
• Liver Function and Liver Activity in Dogs, Cats, and Pets
• Blood Test Items for Liver Enzymes in Dogs, Cats, and Pets
• Symptoms of Deteriorated Liver Function in Dogs, Cats, and Pets
• Preventive Measures for Liver Function Deterioration in Dogs, Cats, and Pets (Protecting Liver Function)

監修獣医師：林美彩　　所属クリニック：chicoどうぶつ診療所

代替療法と西洋医学、両方の動物病院での勤務経験と多数のコルディの臨床経験をもつ。　モノリス在籍時には、一般的な動物医療（西洋医学）だけでは対応が困難な症例に対して多くの相談を受け、免疫の大切さを痛烈に実感する。
ペットたちの健康維持・改善のためには薬に頼った対処療法だけではなく、「普段の生活環境や食事を見直し、自宅でさまざまなケアを取り入れることで免疫力を維持し、病気にならない体づくりを目指していくことが大切である」という考えを提唱し普及活動に従事している。

所属：

• 獣医保健ソーシャルワーク協会

著書：

• 獣医師が考案した長生き犬ごはん 安心・簡単・作り置きOK!
• 獣医師が考案した長生き猫ごはん　安心・簡単・作り置きＯＫ！
• 獣医師が考案した一汁一菜長生き犬ごはん こだわりの安心レシピ&作り置きOK!

Providing information to support your pet’s health>>

Effects of Placenta on the Liver

As discussed in Part 1, placenta can activate liver cells, prevent and remove reactive oxygen species, and has anti-inflammatory effects that can suppress inflammation caused by reactive oxygen species. Therefore, it may be effective in addressing liver dysfunction, hepatitis, and cirrhosis.

Please refer to this explanation about liver functions and liver metrics.

Outlined below are the effects useful for improving liver function.

Hepatoprotective Effects

Three factors that support hepatoprotective effects are 1) Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), 2) Removal of Reactive Oxygen Species, and 3) Anti-inflammatory Effects.
1) HGF promotes the division and proliferation of liver cells and facilitates the breakdown and removal of liver fibrosis.
In cases where hepatitis is present, the function of TGF-β suppresses the secretion of HGF, thereby inhibiting the regeneration of liver cells and promoting liver fibrosis.

However, supplementation of HGF through placenta helps promote the division and proliferation of liver cells while simultaneously suppressing TGF-β, showing the effect of breaking down and removing fibrotic liver tissue.

Placenta also contains TGF-β, which is a crucial element for cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as the formation of fibroblasts necessary for body regeneration. Therefore, having a balanced presence of TGF-β and HGF is considered important.

2) The liver primarily handles metabolism, detoxification, and bile production, but these processes consume a large amount of oxygen, making it prone to the formation of reactive oxygen species. This can lead to oxidative damage to liver cells and a decline in liver function. Placenta can remove these excess reactive oxygen species, thereby protecting liver cells and preventing decreased liver function.

3) Inflammation caused by reactive oxygen species can lead to decreased liver function. If inflammation is prolonged, it may progress to more serious conditions like cirrhosis; therefore, it is crucial to suppress the inflammation early on. Placenta’s anti-inflammatory effects can help prevent the worsening of liver disorders.

Detoxification Effects

The liver detoxifies harmful substances that enter the body through oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, and conjugation actions, and expels them from the body.
Additionally, the liver also plays a role in detoxifying **ammonia** produced from the proteins ingested through the diet. When liver dysfunction occurs, ammonia can accumulate in the body, potentially causing brain disorders and hepatic encephalopathy.

Supporting liver function with placenta can enhance detoxification, contributing to anti-aging effects within the body. When liver function deteriorates, not only do toxins accumulate more easily, but the detoxification of medications may also be impaired, leading to limitations on the drugs that can be used and concerns about increased side effects. Placenta may be beneficial for pets currently showing liver value deterioration, those under long-term medication, or those about to undergo intensive treatment.

Providing information to support your pet’s health>>

For those concerned about their dog or cat’s liver and skin

If you are worried about your pet’s skin condition or liver health, or if your pet is already suffering from liver disease, please take a look at this page and the pages below for tips on restoring vitality and appetite.

At the Cordy Laboratory, we are also researching the application of Cordy, which is expected to modulate the immune system, and domestically-sourced SPF pig-derived placenta kiss powder in humans.

If you have any questions, please contact us.

監修獣医師：林美彩　　所属クリニック：chicoどうぶつ診療所

代替療法と西洋医学、両方の動物病院での勤務経験と多数のコルディの臨床経験をもつ。　モノリス在籍時には、一般的な動物医療（西洋医学）だけでは対応が困難な症例に対して多くの相談を受け、免疫の大切さを痛烈に実感する。
ペットたちの健康維持・改善のためには薬に頼った対処療法だけではなく、「普段の生活環境や食事を見直し、自宅でさまざまなケアを取り入れることで免疫力を維持し、病気にならない体づくりを目指していくことが大切である」という考えを提唱し普及活動に従事している。

所属：

• 獣医保健ソーシャルワーク協会

著書：

• 獣医師が考案した長生き犬ごはん 安心・簡単・作り置きOK!
• 獣医師が考案した長生き猫ごはん　安心・簡単・作り置きＯＫ！
• 獣医師が考案した一汁一菜長生き犬ごはん こだわりの安心レシピ&作り置きOK!